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All Journal JURNAL HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL Literatus Humaniorum Journal
Sukmatika, Anak Agung Yumas
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Humanities Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences

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Kepentingan Amerika Serikat dalam Membangun United States Ground-based Midcourse Defense (US GMD) di Polandia Sukmatika, Anak Agung Yumas; Dewi, Putu Ratih Kumala; Parameswari, Anak Agung Ayu Intan
DIKSHI (DISKUSI ILMIAH KOMUNITAS HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL) Vol 1 No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Program Studi Hubungan Internasional FISIP Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (218.073 KB)

Abstract

This study analyzed the reasons behind US anti-missile defense shield construction called United States Ground-based Midcourse Defense (US GMD) which was located in Eastern Europe, Poland, during George W. Bush prescidency (2001-2008). The efforts of maintaining unipolarity and minimizing any threats in order to weaken the US was crucially to be done due to the US was experiencing transitional phase from unipolar to multipolar at that time. Related to this issue, the United States mapped Iran as a potential threat as well as an “axis of evil” since it was rapidly developing the ballistic missiles which resulted in threatening the US security and unipolarity. Iran was even considered as a country which capable of carrying the nuclear warheads without any warning. Through a qualitative methodology, this study found that the main purpose of building the US GMD in Poland was to maintain US hegemonic stability in Europe. The stability of hegemony was derived from an important combination of defense, economy, ideology, and world order. Therefore, the reason behind US GMD construction in Poland was to achieve the US national interests in the form of defense, economy, ideology as well as the world order, which then confirmed the stability of US hegemony in Europe. Keywords: US GMD, hegemonic stability
Perubahan Struktur Demografis Indonesia: Tantangan & Rekomendasi Sukmatika, Anak Agung Yumas
HUMANIORUM Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Humaniorum
Publisher : PT Elaborium Elevasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/hmr.v3i1.62

Abstract

Indonesia sedang mengalami pergeseran demografis yang signifikan antara tahun 2020 dan 2040, dengan populasi usia kerja (15-64 tahun) diproyeksikan mencapai 64% dari total populasi. Pergeseran ini menghadirkan peluang untuk dividen demografis, yang berpotensi mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan. Kelas menengah dan milenial, dua kelompok demografis utama, akan mendorong pertumbuhan ini melalui peningkatan konsumsi dan keterlibatan digital. Namun, tantangan seperti risiko jatuh ke dalam perangkap pendapatan menengah, kepatuhan pajak yang rendah, dan pengangguran di kalangan lulusan harus ditangani. Studi kualitatif ini, menggunakan pendekatan Lexy J. Moleong, menggunakan data deskriptif yang berasal dari berbagai teks tertulis, laporan, dan dokumen yang relevan untuk menganalisis dampak perubahan demografis. Penelitian ini menawarkan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk memanfaatkan dividen demografis, termasuk meningkatkan infrastruktur, meningkatkan pendidikan, membina kewirausahaan, dan meningkatkan kepatuhan pajak. Dengan kebijakan yang tepat, Indonesia dapat memanfaatkan pergeseran demografisnya untuk mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan dan mengatasi jebakan pendapatan menengah.
Strategi Indonesia Keluar dari INSG (2006): Analisis Ekonomi Politik dan Hilirisasi Nikel Sukmatika, Anak Agung Yumas
LITERATUS Vol 7 No 1 (2025): International Socio-Cultural Scientific Journal
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/lit.v7i1.2019

Abstract

Indonesia’s decision to withdraw from the International Nickel Study Group (INSG) in 2006 reflects the dynamics of national interests in navigating global resource governance. This study aims to analyze the withdrawal through the lens of international political economy, focusing on the nickel downstreaming policy as a strategy for economic self-reliance. Employing a qualitative approach and document analysis method, the research explores Indonesia’s motivations by examining the context of economic globalization, domestic actor interests, and industrial policy shifts. The findings suggest that the decision was driven not merely by the perceived ineffectiveness of the INSG, but by a broader developmental paradigm shift prioritizing value-added production within global supply chains. The withdrawal from INSG is part of a strategic effort to strengthen Indonesia’s position in global nickel governance and to accelerate its downstreaming agenda. This study also contributes to a deeper understanding of political economy dynamics in natural resource management and the implications for economic sovereignty amid global market pressures.
Analisis Maraknya Eksploitasi Buruh Anak pasca Liberalisasi Perdagangan di Tiongkok Sukmatika, Anak Agung Yumas
HUMANIORUM Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Jurnal Humaniorum
Publisher : PT Elaborium Elevasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/hmr.v2i3.53

Abstract

This study employs Marxism theory to examine the factors contributing to the escalation of child labor in China. China has undergone substantial economic growth since the implementation of trade liberalization and economic reform in 1978. Presently, China holds the position of being the world's second-largest economy following the United States (US). Nevertheless, the prevalence of child labor has risen due to pronounced economic disparities between urban and rural areas coupled with a demand for low-cost labor in the industrial sector. This study employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach to analyze non-numeric and descriptive data from various literature sources, including books, journal articles, and research reports. This study demonstrates that trade liberalization has exacerbated labor exploitation in China. Local governments as well as businesses frequently disregard regulations that prohibit child labor in order to maximize their profits. Furthermore, there exists a pervasive perception that children are economic assets rather than individuals requiring care and education. Many Chinese families rely on their children as the primary means of economic sustenance for the family, neglecting their educational needs. The findings of this research indicate persistent and worsening exploitation of child labor contrary to expectations of improved well-being through economic advancement. Ultimately, the fundamental tenets of Marxism, such as historical materialism, economic determinism, and false consciousness, are crucial for comprehending the rise of child labor in China.
Co-Authors Anak Agung Ayu Intan Parameswari Putu Ratih Kumala Dewi