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Tinjauan Efek Antihiperkolesterolemik Fermentasi Umbi Yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) pada Sindrom Metabolik Ardhya Dewi Paramesti Anindiputri; Lelly Yuniarti; Siti Annisa Devi Trusda
Bandung Conference Series: Medical Science 647-654
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsms.v6i1.22308

Abstract. Metabolic syndrome is a condition involving various metabolic disorders, including lipid metabolism disorders in the form of increased total blood cholesterol levels, which are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Long-term use of lipid-lowering pharmacological therapies such as statins can cause side effects, encouraging exploration of natural ingredients as a complementary approach. This article aims to examine the antihypercholesterolemic potential and mechanisms of fermented yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) tuber extract in metabolic syndrome. The method used was a literature review of scientific publications discussing the pathophysiology of hypercholesterolemia, the bioactive components of yacon tubers, and the effects of fermentation on their metabolic activity. The literature search results show that the fermentation process can increase the utilization of fructooligosaccharides, inulin, and phenolic compounds, which in turn play a role in the formation of short-chain fatty acids and the regulation of enteroendocrine hormones. This mechanism is related to a decrease in cholesterol synthesis through the inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity and an increase in the cholesterol efflux process. Based on these findings, the fermentation of yacon tuber extract has the potential to be developed as a supportive approach in the management of hypercholesterolemia in metabolic syndrome. Abstrak. Sindrom metabolik merupakan suatu kondisi terjadinya berbagai gangguan metabolik, termasuk gangguan metabolisme lipid berupa peningkatan kadar kolesterol total darah, yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Terapi farmakologis penurun lipid seperti golongan statin dalam penggunaan jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan efek samping, sehingga mendorong eksplorasi bahan alam sebagai pendekatan komplementer. Artikel ini bertujuan menelaah potensi serta mekanisme antihiperkolesterolemik dari fermentasi ekstrak umbi yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) pada kondisi sindrom metabolik. Metode yang digunakan berupa studi tinjauan pustaka terhadap publikasi ilmiah yang membahas patofisiologi hiperkolesterolemia, komponen bioaktif umbi yakon, dan dampak fermentasi terhadap aktivitas metaboliknya. Hasil penelusuran pustaka menunjukkan bahwa proses fermentasi dapat meningkatkan pemanfaatan fruktooligosakarida, inulin, dan senyawa fenolik, yang selanjutnya berperan dalam pembentukan short-chain fatty acids serta regulasi hormon enteroendokrin. Mekanisme tersebut berkaitan dengan penurunan sintesis kolesterol melalui penghambatan aktivitas 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase dan peningkatan proses efluks kolesterol. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, fermentasi ekstrak umbi yakon berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai pendekatan pendukung dalam pengelolaan hiperkolesterolemia pada sindrom metabolik.

Tinjauan Efek Antihiperglikemia Fermentasi Umbi Yakon (Smallanthus Sonchifolius) Anytha Yulia Dewi; Lelly Yuniarti; Yuktiana Kharisma
Bandung Conference Series: Medical Science 869-876
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsms.v6i1.22411

Abstract. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with a continuously increasing prevalence, highlighting the need for the development of effective alternative therapies derived from natural products. Yacon tuber (Smallanthus sonchifolius) contains fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and flavonoids that exhibit potential antidiabetic activity, particularly after undergoing fermentation processes. This literature review aims to evaluate the effects of fermented yacon tuber extract on fasting blood glucose levels and to examine the relationship between dosage variation and glucose-lowering effects. The method employed was a literature review of relevant experimental and preclinical studies. The findings indicate that fermented yacon tuber extract consistently reduces fasting blood glucose levels significantly compared to control groups and demonstrates efficacy comparable to standard antidiabetic therapies. Higher doses were reported to produce the most optimal glucose-lowering effects; however, no significant correlation was observed between increasing dosage and fasting blood glucose levels, suggesting a dose-independent effect. Based on these findings, fermented yacon tuber extract shows potential for development as a natural antidiabetic agent in the management of diabetes mellitus. Abstrak. Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat, sehingga diperlukan pengembangan terapi alternatif yang efektif dan berbasis bahan alam. Umbi yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) diketahui mengandung fruktooligosakarida (FOS) dan flavonoid yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes, terutama setelah melalui proses fermentasi. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh fermentasi ekstrak umbi yakon terhadap kadar glukosa darah puasa serta hubungan antara variasi dosis pemberian dengan efek penurunan glukosa darah. Metode yang digunakan adalah telaah pustaka terhadap berbagai penelitian eksperimental dan pra-klinis yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi ekstrak umbi yakon secara konsisten dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah puasa secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol dan memiliki efektivitas yang sebanding dengan terapi antidiabetes standar. Dosis tinggi dilaporkan memberikan efek penurunan glukosa darah paling optimal, namun tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara peningkatan dosis dengan kadar glukosa darah puasa, menunjukkan efek yang bersifat dose independent. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, fermentasi ekstrak umbi yakon berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen antidiabetes alami dalam pengelolaan diabetes melitus.

Tinjauan Efek Antihipertrigliseridemia Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) pada Sindrom Metabolik Muhammad Nurel Galbi; Miranti Kania Dewi; Lelly Yuniarti
Bandung Conference Series: Medical Science 997-1004
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsms.v6i1.22451

Abstract. Metabolic syndrome is a metabolic imbalance disorder that includes hypertriglyceridemia as a key component, triggered by insulin resistance and increased adipose tissue lipolysis. Long-term use of synthetic drugs for dyslipidemia often causes adverse effects, prompting the exploration of natural alternatives. This article aims to review the potential and molecular mechanisms of yacon tuber (Smallanthus sonchifolius) ethanol extract in reducing triglyceride levels under metabolic syndrome conditions. This article is a literature review discussing the pathophysiology of hypertriglyceridemia, the bioactive compounds of yacon tubers, and their pharmacological mechanisms based on previous studies. The literature review indicates that yacon tubers are rich in Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin, which are indigestible but fermented by colonic microbiota to produce Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA), specifically propionate. Propionate reduces triglyceride levels through two main mechanisms: inhibiting hepatic lipogenic enzymes, namely Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) to suppress de novo fatty acid synthesis, and increasing Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) activity in peripheral tissues to accelerate VLDL clearance. Yacon tuber ethanol extract has potential as an effective natural therapeutic agent in modulating lipid metabolism and reducing triglyceride levels through mechanisms of lipogenesis inhibition and enhanced lipid catabolism. Abstrak. Sindrom metabolik merupakan gangguan keseimbangan metabolisme yang mencakup hipertrigliseridemia sebagai salah satu komponen utamanya, yang dipicu oleh resistensi insulin dan peningkatan lipolisis jaringan adiposa. Penggunaan obat sintetik jangka panjang untuk dislipidemia sering kali menimbulkan efek samping, sehingga mendorong eksplorasi bahan alam sebagai alternatif. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi dan mekanisme molekuler ekstrak etanol umbi yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) dalam menurunkan kadar trigliserida pada kondisi sindrom metabolik. Penulisan artikel ini merupakan studi tinjauan pustaka (literature review) yang membahas patofisiologi hipertrigliseridemia, kandungan bioaktif umbi yakon, serta mekanisme farmakologisnya berdasarkan studi-studi terdahulu. Tinjauan pustaka menunjukkan bahwa umbi yakon kaya akan Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) dan inulin yang tidak tecerna namun difermentasi oleh mikrobiota kolon menghasilkan Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA), khususnya propionat. Propionat berperan menurunkan kadar trigliserida melalui dua mekanisme utama: menghambat aktivitas enzim lipogenik hepar yaitu Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) dan Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) untuk menekan sintesis asam lemak de novo, serta meningkatkan aktivitas Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) di jaringan perifer untuk mempercepat klirens VLDL. Ekstrak etanol umbi yakon memiliki potensi sebagai agen terapeutik alami yang efektif dalam memodulasi metabolisme lipid dan menurunkan kadar trigliserida melalui mekanisme penghambatan lipogenesis dan peningkatan katabolisme lipid.

Tinjauan Efek Antihiperkolesterolemik Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) Putri Auliya Azka; Lelly Yuniarti; Widayanti
Bandung Conference Series: Medical Science 1069-1076
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsms.v6i1.22483

Abstract. Metabolic syndrome is a metabolic disorder characterized by central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. One of the main lipid abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome is elevated total cholesterol levels, which contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Long-term use of lipid-lowering drugs such as simvastatin may cause adverse metabolic effects, prompting the exploration of alternative therapies based on natural products. Ethanol extract of yacon tuber (Smallanthus sonchifolius) contains fructooligosaccharides, inulin, and phenolic compounds that have the potential to modulate lipid metabolism. This study aims to review the potential of ethanol extract of yacon tuber in reducing total cholesterol levels in metabolic syndrome. This article is a literature review using relevant studies related to metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, ethanol extract of yacon tuber, and their bioactive components, as well as their lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The ethanol extract contains fructooligosaccharides, inulin, and phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, which contribute to the inhibition of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, reduction of systemic inflammation, improvement of insulin sensitivity, and modulation of lipid metabolism. Abstrak. Sindrom metabolik merupakan gangguan metabolik yang ditandai oleh obesitas sentral, resistensi insulin, dislipidemia, serta peningkatan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Salah satu kelainan lipid utama yang menyertai sindrom metabolik adalah peningkatan kadar kolesterol total yang berperan dalam proses aterosklerosis. Penggunaan jangka panjang obat penurun lipid seperti simvastatin dapat menimbulkan berbagai efek samping metabolik, sehingga mendorong pencarian terapi alternatif berbasis bahan alam. Ekstrak etanol umbi yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) diketahui mengandung fruktooligosakarida, inulin, dan senyawa fenolik yang berpotensi memodulasi metabolisme lipid. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi ekstrak etanol umbi yakon dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol total pada sindrom metabolik. Penulisan artikel ini merupakan studi literature review yang menggunakan berbagai sumber pustaka relevan terkait sindrom metabolik, hiperkolesterolemia, ekstrak etanol umbi yakon, serta mekanisme penurunan kolesterol dan efek antiinflamasi yang ditimbulkannya. Kandungan fruktooligosakarida, inulin, dan senyawa fenolik seperti asam klorogenat dalam ekstrak etanol umbi yakon berperan dalam penghambatan sintesis kolesterol endogen, penurunan inflamasi sistemik, peningkatan sensitivitas insulin, serta perbaikan metabolisme lipid.

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