<![CDATA[The open house system in broiler chicken farms increases the risk of developing co-infective diseases. Co-infection is the simultaneous infection of several infectious agents in an individual. This case report aimed to examine the combination of multiple infections of Newcastle disease (ND), avian influenza (AI), and coccidiosis in 28-day-old broiler chickens aged 28 days from Demulih Village, Susut District, Bangli Regency, Bali. The 28-day-old female chicken experienced clinical symptoms of weakness, decreased appetite, feather loss and dullness, diarrhea, and clear exudate from its mouth and beak. Diagnostic examination was carried out thoroughly through epidemiological investigation, clinical observation, anatomical pathology examination, histopathology, isolation and identification of the virus through serological tests of hemagglutination assay (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI), qualitative and quantitative examination of feces examination. The results of gross pathology revealed hemorrhages in various organs, in the digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems. The proventriculus had bleeding petechiae to ecchymosis and petechiae in the ventricle. Histopathological examination revealed lesions of various organs, such as vasculitis and perivascular edema of the brain, hemorrhages and multiorgan congestion appeared as a dark red color, infiltration of lymphocytic inflammatory cells in various organs, as well as damage to the epithelium of the intestinal mucosa. Virus isolation was carried out on 9-day-old sprouted chicken eggs while virus identification by hemagglutination test (HA) and hemagglutination barrier (HI). The results of post-infection observation of embryonic chicken eggs occurred at 48 hours post-inoculation embryo death. HA test results showed a titer of HA 26 and Rapid HI test results showed positive ND and AI. The results of qualitative and quantitative examination of feces were positive for Eimeria spp. with the number of oocysts ± 720,000 oocysts/gram. It was concluded that the chicken cases were infected with Newcastle disease, avian influenza, and coccidiosis.]]>
