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All Journal Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Wibisana, Yosafat Reza Herlambang
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Health Professions

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Safety and Efficacy of Lutein and Zeaxanthin in the AREDS2 Formulation for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Literature Review Kristiyanto, Haryo Dimasto; Sira, Amaze Grace; Wibisana, Yosafat Reza Herlambang; Tamma, Haryadi Aristo; Danuartha, Made Anom
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 10 (2026): Oktober 2026 - CDK 357
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i10.2174

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive degenerative disease of the central retina and is a leading cause of vision loss among older adults worldwide. The original Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) supplement formula reduced the risk of progression to advanced AMD. However, the beta-carotene in this formula was associated with a higher risk of lung cancer in current and former smokers. AREDS2 evaluated lutein and zeaxanthin as safer substitutes for beta-carotene. These macular carotenoids have antioxidant effects and a better safety profile. Studies show that lutein and zeaxanthin help slow AMD progression through antioxidant effects and retinoprotective mechanisms. Researchers have also studied genetic factors, including complement factor H (CFH) and age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2). However, current evidence is not strong enough to support individualized treatment based on these factors. Overall, lutein and zeaxanthin appear to provide a favorable balance of efficacy and safety as replacements for beta-carotene in the AREDS2 formulation.
Co-Authors Danuartha, Made Anom Kristiyanto, Haryo Dimasto Sira, Amaze Grace Tamma, Haryadi Aristo