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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal Indonesian Law Journal
Muhammad Akmal Syawal
Airlangga University
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Legal Availability and Limits of Restorative Justice in Unlawful Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Conversion: A Complementarity Perspective Relys Sandi; Muhammad Akmal Syawal; Fidela Dzatadini Wahyudi; Tuti Handayan; Gasper Doroh
Indonesian Law Journal Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Law Journal Volume 19 No 1, 2026
Publisher : Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Kementerian Hukum Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33331/ilj.v19i1.214

Abstract

The unlawful conversion of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (SFAL/LP2B) into commercial residential housing poses a critical legal problem, as retributive criminal justice fails to restore damaged land functions. While scholarship often views Restorative Justice (RJ) as a universal alternative, a research gap exists regarding its doctrinal limits in environmental-agrarian offenses. Utilizing normative legal methods, this study examines RJ under Law No. 41 of 2009, Law No. 6 of 2023, Perma No. 1 of 2024, and Perpol No. 8 of 2021. Findings demonstrate that RJ cannot be universally applied. Under the principle of complementarity, RJ functions strictly as a pre-litigation procedural tool available to vulnerable smallholder farmers, while commercial developers are categorically excluded and subject to formal prosecution under Article 72(1). Applying RJ to eligible smallholders strictly enforces mandatory statutory land restoration duties under Articles 55 and 73, safeguarding national food security.
Co-Authors Fidela Dzatadini Wahyudi Gasper Doroh Relys Sandi Tuti Handayan