<![CDATA[Rapid urbanization and industrial expansion in Bekasi Regency have intensified competition for land, raising concerns about the long-term protection of agricultural areas and environmental functions. This study develops a System Dynamics Model for regional spatial planning to support the management of Protected Rice Fields (Lahan Sawah Dilindungi, LSD) and strengthen regional resilience. A mixed-methods approach was employed to integrate quantitative data, spatial information, stakeholder assessments, and policy considerations within a coherent analytical framework. The research combined Geographic Information Systems (GIS), statistical analysis, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Causal Loop Diagrams (CLD), Stock and Flow Diagrams (SFD), and Powersim simulation. Historical data from 2000 to 2025 were used to examine land-use dynamics, while four policy scenarios—business as usual, strengthened LSD protection, built-up area control, and integrated policy intervention—were evaluated to explore potential development pathways through 2045. The reported findings indicate that built-up areas increased from 26,540 to 61,950 hectares, whereas rice fields identified in the LSD analysis declined from 61,250 to 47,000 hectares. Green open space also decreased from 32,840 to 22,850 hectares, indicating increasing pressure on productive and ecological land functions. Model validation results reported a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.67–2.98% and an R² range of 0.942–0.998. Among the scenarios, integrated policy intervention emerged as the most promising strategy for coordinating land protection, development control, and regional sustainability objectives. These findings highlight the value of linking spatial analysis with dynamic simulation to inform evidence-based spatial planning. The proposed model provides a framework for examining policy trade-offs and supporting more coordinated land-use decisions in rapidly developing regions.]]>
