<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze efforts to combat land certificate fraud involving duplicate certificates in North Sulawesi and to examine the role of the National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional or BPN) in preventing and addressing such issues within the framework of Indonesian land law. Duplicate land certificates constitute a legal problem that may create legal uncertainty, ownership disputes, financial losses, and inadequate protection of land rights. This research employs normative legal research methods using statutory and conceptual approaches. The legal materials consist of legislation, agrarian law literature, and relevant references concerning land registration, legal certainty, and law enforcement. The analysis indicates that preventing and combating duplicate land certificates requires stronger land administration and supervisory functions, careful verification of physical and juridical data, greater transparency in public services, and integrated land information systems. BPN plays a significant role in maintaining proper land registration administration and facilitating dispute resolution within its legal authority. Nevertheless, combating land-related fraud also requires inter-agency coordination and law enforcement against suspected document forgery, fraud, or abuse of authority where the relevant legal elements are established. This study concludes that the effectiveness of efforts to combat duplicate land certificates in North Sulawesi depends on the synergy between improvements in land administration, accountable supervision, and consistent law enforcement to ensure legal certainty and protect the community's land rights.]]>
