<![CDATA[This study examines the association between place of residence and household economic welfare in West Nusa Tenggara Province using microdata from the March 2025 National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas). The analysis covers 5,990 households, each represented by a household head employed in formal or informal work. Welfare is proxied by monthly per capita expenditure, transformed into its natural logarithm. The model is estimated using least squares with WERT probability weights and heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors. Controlling for other characteristics, rural households have approximately 3.76 percent lower predicted per capita expenditure than urban households. A one-year increase in the household head’s equivalent years of education is associated with 4.18 percent higher expenditure, while informal employment is associated with 20.64 percent lower expenditure than formal employment. An additional household member is associated with 17.29 percent lower per capita expenditure. Age exhibits an inverted-U relationship, with an estimated turning point of approximately 60.18 years, whereas the household head’s gender is not statistically significant. These percentages follow the log-model interpretation in terms of conditional geometric means. The findings indicate that residence, education, employment status, and demographic characteristics are associated with household monetary welfare within the analytical sample. They provide empirical evidence to inform discussions of regional development and household economic support, without establishing causal relationships.]]>
