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All Journal Vidyottama Sanatana: International Journal of Hindu Science and Religious Studies Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi
Desak Nyoman Sri Suyasning Putri
Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar
Religion Arts Humanities

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HINDU ECOTHEOLOGY IN VEDIC LITERATURE: A SOCIO-THEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF GOD-HUMAN-NATURE RELATIONS Putu Eka Sura Adnyana; I Made Surada; Ni Nyoman Suryani; Desak Nyoman Sri Suyasning Putri
Vidyottama Sanatana: International Journal of Hindu Science and Religious Studies Vol 10 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : UHN I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

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The global environmental crisis shows that ecological issues cannot be understood solely as technical problems, but also as moral, spiritual, and paradigmatic crises. This article analyzes Hindu ecotheology in Vedic literature through a socio-theological approach with a focus on the relationship between humans and nature. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive method based on a literature review of the Vedic Śruti and Smṛti texts, with hermeneutic analysis and socio-theological interpretation. The results of the study show that Vedic cosmology views nature as a sacred order governed by the principle of ṛta, and places humans as an integral part of the cosmos. The main principles of Vedic ecotheology, known as the four Vedic ecotheologies, namely the sacredness of nature, yajña, dharma, and ahimsa, form a cosmocentric ethical framework that challenges the modern anthropocentric and exploitative paradigm. This study also asserts that the contemporary ecological crisis reflects humanity's disconnection from the cosmic order. Theoretically, this article contributes to enriching the global discourse on religion and the environment by presenting a Hindu perspective based on the Vedic scriptures and offering an ecological ethical paradigm relevant to sustainable civilization development.
suyasning Ekoteologi Dalam Praktik Ritual Tumpek Kandang Desa Adat Padangtegal, Ubud Desak Nyoman Sri Suyasning Putri; Putu Eka Sura Adnyana; I Kadek Budiastawa
Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi Vol 17 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

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This study examines the ecotheological significance of the Tumpek Kandang ritual, known as Otonan Bojog in the context of the Monkey Forest area in Padangtegal Traditional Village, Ubud, Bali. The study is based on the understanding that this area serves simultaneously as a habitat for monkeys, a sacred space associated with a temple complex, and a tourist destination. It focuses on the theological foundations of reverence for animals, the implementation of the ritual, and the ways in which religious values are connected to ecological responsibility and tourism area management. This study employs a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentary studies. The data are analyzed thematically using Émile Durkheim’s concepts of the sacred and the profane and moral community, as well as Berger and Luckmann’s concepts of externalization, objectivation, and internalization. The ritual involves the preparation of ceremonial offerings, the participation of temple priests and traditional village administrators, the collection of tirtha (holy water), and the provision of food to the monkeys as part of the ritual procession. These practices can be interpreted as expressions of religious reverence for animals and as a means of strengthening the community’s collective identity. However, the relationship between the ritual and conservation policies, tourism management, and funding requires more specific empirical evidence. Therefore, this ritual merits further study as a local religious practice that brings together theological, social, and ecological dimensions without assuming that the ritual itself necessarily demonstrates measurable conservation outcomes.
Co-Authors I Kadek Budiastawa I Made Surada Ni Nyoman Suryani Putu Eka Sura Adnyana