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All Journal Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu Kalangwan Jurnal Pendidikan Agama, Bahasa dan Sastra Pangkaja: Jurnal Agama Hindu International Journal on Hindu Culture
Putu Eka Sura Adnyana
Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar
Religion Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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TEKS ADIPARWA DALAM KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK: KONTAK BAHASA SANSKERTA DALAM BAHASA JAWA KUNA Putu Eka Sura Adnyana
Kalangwan Jurnal Pendidikan Agama, Bahasa dan Sastra Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023): Vol 13 No. 1 Tahun 2023
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (542.691 KB) | DOI: 10.25078/kalangwan.v13i1.2425

Abstract

The adjustment of the grammar system as a result of language contact can be seen in the literature in Old Javanese, namely the Adiparwa book. The Adiparwa book is a literary work in prose that is unique by using two languages, namely Old Javanese and Sanskrit sloka quotes. sociolinguistics and linguistics have the same research methods, both are always based on empirically collected results that are applied to data, and conclusions are drawn inductively. Language contact occurs at the grammatical level, where only the syntactic field includes the presence of phrases with a pattern of Sanskrit structures. d) vocabulary field found 363 types of use of Sanskrit vocabulary in the Adiparwa text. e) the semantic field includes cultural absorption (semantic expansive), the formation of new meanings (semantic additives), and changes in meaning values ​​(semantic replasive). The factors causing the integration of Sanskrit into Old Javanese in the Adiparwa text are two intralingual factors and extra lingual factors.
PENYERAPAN FONOLOGI BAHASA SANSKERTA DALAM TEKS ADIPARWA Putu Eka Sura Adnyana
Pangkaja: Jurnal Agama Hindu Vol 25 No 1 (2022)
Publisher : UHN IGB Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25078/pjah.v25i1.976

Abstract

Acculturation of Indian culture with the archipelago has occurred in the past. Old Javanese language is a very important language in the development of literary works in the archipelago. Kawi language is very much absorbed from Sanskrit, but Kawi language does not imitate Sanskrit grammar. One of them is the absorption of sound or Sanskrit phonology which can be found in the Adiparwa text. The type of research carried out is qualitative research based on data in the Adiparwa text using research methods and techniques. Data collection techniques based on literature study on Adiparwa text, note-taking techniques, through qualitative data analysis. Such data from the literature is then analyzed and presented descriptively. The data is taken from the abbreviated Adiparwa Zoetmulder (2005) text (APZ) and the abbreviated Sankerta Dictionary (KBS). Language contact between Sanskrit and Old Javanese/Kawi which resulted in the sound absorption process. Sound absorption includes 1) Sanskrit absorption experiencing an increase in sound, 2) Sanskrit absorption experiencing a reduction in sound 3) Sanskrit absorption experiencing a change in sound symbolization. In the absorption of Sanskrit on sound changes, it is known that several changes were found, such as: 1) Changes in the sound symbol /v/ to /w/ and changes in the symbol /ṛ/ to /rè/. 2) Change the sound /u/ to /o/ or vice versa. 3) Change the sound /j/ to sound /k/. 4) Change the sound /i/ to /ī/. 5) Change the sound /ī/ to /i/ and 6) Change the sound /a/ to /ā/.
Uncovering Algorithmic Avidyā in Generative AI: A Catur Pramāṇa Red Teaming Approach Gde Wikan Pradnya Dana; Putu Eka Sura Adnyana
Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu Vol 10 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Jayapangus Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37329/jpah.v10i3.5435

Abstract

Western-centric AI ethics frameworks currently marginalize Hindu epistemology, triggering an epistemological crisis within spiritual domains. Addressing this, this study operationalizes the Balinese Hindu Catur Pramāṇa framework to empirically audit the Gita-GPT model, aiming to diagnose Algorithmic Avidyā (Algorithmic Ignorance) and formulate mitigation strategies. Using a qualitative epistemological red teaming methodology, 15 adversarial prompts nuanced with Balinese theology were executed, with outputs deductively analyzed against authoritative texts. The results emphatically demonstrate that the system systematically generates Algorithmic Avidyā through four fatal mechanisms. First, at the Śabda layer, the machine actively executes epistemic fabrication and hallucination of sacred verses. Second, at the Pratyakṣa layer, it causes severe context collapse by failing to recognize critical spatial-cultural boundaries (Desa-Kala-Patra). Third, at the Upamāṇa layer, it imposes materialistic comparative fallacies that distort theological analogies. Fourth, at the Anumāṇa layer, it constructs illusions of reasoning entirely devoid of causal spiritual awareness. Consequently, this study concludes that uncalibrated generative AI fundamentally disrupts authentic spiritual mediation, creating a representational hegemony that directly threatens traditional religious authority and erodes Balinese customary law (Dresta). To mitigate these severe ethical impacts and preserve the local religious ecosystem, we strongly advocate for a paradigm shift toward theological sovereignty. This requires constructing an endemic Nusantara Large Language Model, mandating Expert-in-the-Loop governance involving spiritual authorities (Sulinggih), and aligning Reinforcement Learning algorithms explicitly with Dharma principles.
PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE IN THE GANAPATI TATTWA MANUSCRIPT: SANSKRIT–KAWI AS A MEDIUM FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF VEDIC EPISTEMOLOGY IN NUSANTARA Putu Eka Sura Adnyana; I Made Surada
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON HINDU CULTURE Vol. 4 No. 02 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The transmission of Vedic knowledge across civilizations has depended not only on sacred texts but also on the linguistic systems through which religious knowledge is preserved, interpreted, and transmitted. Within the Hindu intellectual tradition of Nusantara, the coexistence of Sanskrit and Kawi in palm-leaf manuscripts represents a distinctive bilingual tradition that has sustained the continuity of Vedic thought. However, existing scholarship has primarily examined Lontar Ganapati Tattwa from philological, theological, or cosmological perspectives, while its Sanskrit–Kawi bilingual structure as an epistemological mechanism remains insufficiently explored. This study investigates how the Sanskrit–Kawi linguistic system functions as a medium for transmitting Vedic epistemology in Nusantara from the perspective of the philosophy of language. Employing a qualitative library-based approach, the study integrates philological analysis, philosophical hermeneutics, and qualitative content analysis. The primary source is the Lontar Ganapati Tattwa manuscript, supported by scholarly works on Sanskrit, Hindu philosophy, manuscript studies, and the philosophy of language. The findings demonstrate that Sanskrit and Kawi operate as complementary epistemological systems: Sanskrit preserves the canonical authority of Vedic teachings, while Kawi contextualizes and interprets them within the cultural horizon of Nusantara. Furthermore, Vedic knowledge is transmitted through interconnected processes of preservation, hermeneutic interpretation, cultural internalization, and intergenerational regeneration, illustrating that vernacularization involves epistemic reinterpretation rather than mere translation. The study proposes the Sanskrit–Kawi Epistemic Transmission Model, offering a new conceptual framework for understanding the transmission of religious knowledge and providing practical implications for Hindu manuscript preservation, Sanskrit–Kawi studies, Hindu education, and the revitalization of Nusantara intellectual heritage.
Co-Authors I Made Surada Wikan Pradnya Dana, Gde