<![CDATA[Background: Tempeh artisans are micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) that absorb labour and supply affordable protein in Indonesia, yet those in Pasawahan Village, Kuningan, West Java, face declining output per artisan and shrinking profit margins. Objectives: This study aims to identify and analyse the constraints on tempeh business development related to business competition, raw material prices, seasonal production, and product quality. Method: A qualitative-descriptive design was employed, using in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation with 15 purposively selected artisans and five supporting informants. Data were analysed with an interactive model and source and method triangulation; reported figures are informant estimates cross-checked against production and purchase records. Results: Thirteen of the 15 artisans reported an estimated 15–25% loss of regular customers owing to intensifying competition. The soybean price increase from Rp 8,500 to Rp 10,200/kg lowered profit margins from 18–22% to 10–12%. The rainy season raised reported production failure to 25–35%, and the absence of standard operating procedures caused batch-to-batch quality variation that eroded consumer trust. Coping strategies remained individual and reactive. Conclusion: The constraints are interrelated and largely beyond individual control. Local MSME programmes should prioritise artisan cooperatives for collective procurement, low-cost fermentation technology, and simple quality management practices.]]>
