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All Journal Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi
I Wayan Bagus Citra Wedana
Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar
Religion

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KONSEPSI SIWA-BUDDHA DALAM KAKAWIN NILACANDRA Heri Purwanto; I Wayan Bagus Citra Wedana
Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi Vol 17 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25078/sphatika.v17i1.6308

Abstract

The complexity of the encounter between Saivism and Buddhism in the Nusantara archipelago is often perceived as a simple phenomenon, whereas it possesses profound theological depth within specific literary texts. This study aims to analyze the theological conception of Siwa-Buddha in the Kakawin Nilacandra. The method employed is qualitative, utilizing a textual study or philological approach through content analysis of the stanzas in the Kakawin Nilacandra. The findings reveal that this text presents a unique perspective on the theological collaboration between Siva and Buddha within cosmology. Divine figures from both traditions are considered essentially equivalent, such as the identification of Hyang Iswara with Amoghasiddhi and Mahadewa with Amitabha. Furthermore, it can be argued that the Siva-Buddha teaching constitutes a well-established and enduring doctrine, as it perceives God’s immanent presence within both natural elements and the human body. Consequently, this doctrine serves as a philosophical foundation for religious harmony that remains relevant to the present day.
Implementasi Sarira Samskara dalam Upacara Manusa Yadnya di Bali dan Perannya dalam Transformasi Tubuh serta Jiwa Hari Harsananda; I Wayan Bagus Citra Wedana
Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi Vol 17 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25078/sphatika.v17i1.6383

Abstract

This article aims to examine the concept of sarira samskara in ancient Hindu teachings and its implementation in the manusa yadnya ceremony in Bali, while analyzing its role in the process of transformation of the human body and soul. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method, through a review of relevant holy scriptures, palm-leaf manuscripts, books, and scientific journals. The results of the study indicate that sarira samskara is a series of purification ceremonies that accompany the journey of human life from the conception phase (garbhadana) to marriage (wiwaha). In the Balinese context, this concept is embodied in various forms of manusa yadnya such as magedong-gedongan, nyambutin, otonan, metatah, pawintenan, mejaya-jaya, and pawiwahan. Each stage of the ceremony functions not only as a symbolic ritual, but also as a medium of spiritual education that transforms the physical aspect through bodily purification, and the spiritual aspect through the instillation of dharmic values, mantras, prayers, and character building. Thus, sarira samskara (manusa yadnya) can be understood as a holistic development system that guides humans towards awareness of the essence of the self as atman, a divine spark that is in the process of moving towards the ultimate goal of life, namely moksa.
Dilema Ontologis dan Eco-Praxis: Refleksi Ekoteologi Hindu Terhadap Komodifikasi Lahan Subak Di Desa Nyambu: Refleksi Ekoteologi Hindu Terhadap Komodifikasi Lahan Subak di Desa Nyambu Ida Bagus Putu Adnyana; I Nyoman Mandiasa; I Wayan Bagus Citra Wedana; I Kadek Widyadana Martana
Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi Vol 17 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

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Abstract

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of paddy field conversion in Nyambu Village, Bali, through a critical Hindu ecotheological lens examining value hierarchy shifts and community eco-praxis. Situated within the discourse of theology and ecology (ecotheology), this qualitative study utilizing a case study approach explores how the penetration of modernity and capitalism weakens the determinative power of the community's ontological beliefs—where theological convictions regarding rice fields as the abode of Goddess Sri are preserved, yet increasingly overshadowed by the dominance of economic values amid contemporary pressures. Data were gathered through field observations, textual studies of religious manuscripts such as the Sri Purana Tattwa, and in-depth interviews with customary figures in Nyambu Village. The research findings indicate that land conversion triggers a cosmic division threatening the existence of the Bedugul Temple and the Subak institution. Although the community exhibits cultural resistance through customary fines in the form of rice and the ritual of relocating Goddess Sri’s abode, conversion rates remain high due to modern economic pressures and youth apathy. As a scholarly contribution, this article proposes an eco-praxis-based value restoration model through the reinforcement of ten spiritual agricultural ritual cycles (from mendak toya to mantenin paddy in the granary) integrated with smart-agribusiness modernization. This study concludes that Subak sustainability in the era of globalization can only be achieved if development submits to the cosmic law of Tri Hita Karana and restores land sacredness as a non-negotiable ecological foundation.
Co-Authors Hari Harsananda Heri Purwanto I Kadek Widyadana Martana I Nyoman Mandiasa Ida Bagus Putu Adnyana