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Antifungal Activity of Kinar (Kleinhovia hospita L.) Leaf Ethanol Extract Against Malassezia furfur Wakano, Muhammad Zaid; Astuty, Eka; Manuputty, Amanda Gracia
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 58, No. 4
Publisher : Folia Medica Indonesiana

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Abstract

Highlights : • Alternative medicine is needed for pityriasis versicolor because there are recurrence cases and resistance to antifungal agents. • Kinar leaf ethanol extract cannot inhibit the growth of Malassezia furfur. • Further studies are suggested on the type of solvent and appropriate concentration to attract more bioactive compounds. Abstract : Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial dermatomycosis that can decrease human self-confidence. This infection is caused by the fungus Malassezia furfur. Eighty percent of recurrence cases after treatment and resistance to antifungal agents were found. Therefore, alternative medicine is needed. Kinar (Kleinhovia hospita Linn.) is a tropical plant that have bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of kinar leaf extract against the growth of Malassezia furfur. This research was a laboratory experimental study using paper disc diffusion method. Kinar leaves (green and yellow leaves) were macerated using 96% ethanol and made into concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. As much as 200 mg of ketoconazole was used as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control then tested on Malassezia furfur using Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). The parameter observed was the clear zone formed around the paper disc. The tests and observations showed that there was a clear zone formed around the paper disc. It means that the kinar leaf extract cannot inhibit the growth of Malassezia furfur.
Anticandidal Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Lada Katokkon (Capsicum annuum chinense) Against Emerging Fungal Pathogens Mangoting, Allen; Astuty, Eka; Manuputty, Amanda Gracia
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1501-1507

Abstract

Candidiasis is an opportunistic mycotic infection with a high prevalence, caused by Candida species, especially Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis. The increasing resistance of Candida spp. to conventional antifungals such as fluconazole poses a challenge in the management of candidiasis, thus the need for natural-based alternatives, such as Lada Katokkon. This condition encourages the need to explore alternative therapeutic agents based on natural ingredients. Lada Katokkon (Capsicum annuum chinense Jacq), a local chili variety cultivated in the Toraja region, is known to contain secondary metabolite compounds such as capsaicin, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids that have potential as antifungals. This study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of ethanol extract of Lada Katokkon against the growth of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis in vitro using disc diffusion method. The extract was tested at five concentrations: 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%. There was a positive relationship between extract concentration and inhibition zone diameter. The highest activity was recorded at 9% concentration, particularly against C. parapsilosis (16.89 ± 4.74 mm), followed by C. albicans (9.03 ± 5.96 mm) and C. tropicalis (8.07 ± 0.81 mm). In contrast, 1% concentration produced the lowest zone of inhibition in all species tested. These results suggest that ethanol extract of Lada Katokkon has potential as an alternative natural antifungal agent in candidiasis therapy.