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Side Effects of Antipsychotics on Schizophrenia Patient : A Literature Review Wilianto, Yufita Ratnasari
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol 4, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

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Abstract

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that is charactherized by distracted mind, behavioral changes, including delusions and hallucinations. The  incidence of schizophrenia is 1.25% of the 2.47% of the population with psychotic disorders. Pharmacological therapy given to schizophrenia patient is an antipsychotics that works on the brain neurotransmitters including dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate. Atypical antipsychotics agents are first-line therapy for schizophrenia, whereas typical antipsychotics are used as second line when there is no improvement. However antipsychotics agents have frequent risk of side effects such as weight gain and extrapyramidal symptoms. Other reported side effects include increased prolactin levels (sexual dysfunction and menstrual irregularity), cardiovascular system (hypotension and prolonged QT interval), and lipid changes (elevated triglyceride and cholesterol). Consequences of these side effect can lead to poor adherence of patient, disease progressiveness and increase of physical morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this article is to provide a concise review of schizophrenia and discusses the side effects of atypical and typically  antipsychotics based in literature review.
Side Effects of Antipsychotics on Schizophrenia Patient : A Literature Review Wilianto, Yufita Ratnasari
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol 4, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that is charactherized by distracted mind, behavioral changes, including delusions and hallucinations. The  incidence of schizophrenia is 1.25% of the 2.47% of the population with psychotic disorders. Pharmacological therapy given to schizophrenia patient is an antipsychotics that works on the brain neurotransmitters including dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate. Atypical antipsychotics agents are first-line therapy for schizophrenia, whereas typical antipsychotics are used as second line when there is no improvement. However antipsychotics agents have frequent risk of side effects such as weight gain and extrapyramidal symptoms. Other reported side effects include increased prolactin levels (sexual dysfunction and menstrual irregularity), cardiovascular system (hypotension and prolonged QT interval), and lipid changes (elevated triglyceride and cholesterol). Consequences of these side effect can lead to poor adherence of patient, disease progressiveness and increase of physical morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this article is to provide a concise review of schizophrenia and discusses the side effects of atypical and typically  antipsychotics based in literature review.
Deteksi populasi Cd3+Cd4+Cd25+Foxp3+ T-regulator pada Limpa Mencit Galur Balb/c dan Swiss-webster yang Mudah dan Cepat dengan Metode Flow Cytometry Tjahjono, Yudy; Wijaya, Hendy; Esar, Senny Yesery; Caroline, Caroline; Jafet, Nico; Kusuma, I Made Andika Bara; Chrisantia, Oryza; Bhendy, Maria Theresia Primadewy; Palpialy, Sindi Siska; Soehadi, Shellin; Wilianto, Yufita Ratnasari
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Terapan (Journal of Pharmacy Science and Practice) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022): October
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jfst.v9i2.4079

Abstract

Sel T-regulator (Treg) memainkan peran kunci dalam mengendalikan autoimunitas, respon alergi, peradangan, dan respons terhadap infeksi. Sel T Cd4+ yang secara konstitutif mengekspresikan Cd25 dan protein forkhead 3 (Foxp3; yaitu, Cd3+Cd4+Cd25+Foxp3+) atau disebut juga sebagai Treg fungsional, telah terbukti memainkan peran utama dalam pemeliharaan toleransi dan homeostasis imun, sehingga deteksi Treg fungsional sangat penting dilakukan sebagai salah satu parameter imunomodulasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi populasi sel Treg (Cd3+Cd4+Cd25+Foxp3+) pada organ limpa mencit galur Balb/c dan Swiss-webster dengan menggunakan metode yang mudah, cepat, serta terjangkau. Metode deteksi sel Treg dilakukan dengan cara isolasi organ limpa mencit Balb/c dan Swiss-webster kemudian dilakukan preparasi dan deteksi sel menggunakan instrumen flow cytometry. Hasil populasi sel Treg yang didapatkan berturut-turut pada mencit Balb/c dan Swiss-webster adalah 2,02 ± 0,36% dan 3,14 ± 1,64% dari total populasi yang dideteksi dengan hanya membutuhkan waktu 145 menit sejak pembedahan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengamatan populasi sel Treg pada splenosit mencit galur Balb/c dan Swiss-webster dengan flow cytometry dapat dilakukan dengan mudah dan praktis dengan pewarnaan kombinasi antibodi yang tertera pada manuskrip ini. Selain itu, metode pewarnaan yang tertera dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu acuan untuk mendeteksi imunomodulator pada berbagai model hewan coba yang menggunakan mencit galur Balb/c dan Swiss-webster, khususnya yang berhubungan dengan populasi sel Treg.