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VARIASI JUMLAH KROMOSOM TALAS BENTUL (COLOCASIA ESCULENTA (L.) SCHOTT) IN VITRO HASIL PERLAKUAN ORIZALIN Ermayanti, Tri Muji; Rantau, Deritha Ellfy; Wulansari, Aida; Martin, Andri Fadillah; Hafiizh, Erwin Al
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 15, No 1 (2019): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v15i1.3765

ABSTRACTChromosome number analysis is required after polyploid induction with oryzalin. Flowcytometry analysis is a simple and quick method to determine the ploidy level, however, chromosome number analysis is needed in order to confirm variation in the chromosome numbers which has occurred. The aim of the research was to investigate chromosome number variation of polyploid taro (Colocasia esculenta) after in vitro treatment with oryzalin. Nine treated-oryzalin clones and four taro cultivars, as control treatment, were used in this experiment. Ploidy level confirmation was done by flowcytometry analysis, meanwhile chromosome number calculation was performed by squashing method. Roots were isolated from in vitro plantlets for squashing, leaves were isolated from the same plantlets were used for flowcytometry analysis. At least three plants consisted of 6-52 cells having good chromosome distributions were calculated for their chromosome numbers. The results showed that ploidy level of taro corresponded to the number of chromosomes. Flowcytometry analysis of diploid, triploid, tetraploid as well as hexaploid clones, all has chromosome numbers similar to those as their ploidy levels. Range of the chromosome numbers varied, with most of cells had around their normal chromosome numbers. From 5 to 15% of cells had aneuploid numbers lower or above their normal chromosome numbers. Keywords : Colocasia esculenta, flowcytometer, polyploid, chromosome number, oryzalin, in vitro

PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN KULTUR TUNAS STEVIA REBAUDIANA BERTONI PADA MEDIA DENGAN PENINGKATAN KADAR VITAMIN DAN GLISIN SERTA PENGGUNAAN JENIS TUTUP TABUNG BERBEDA Ermayanti, Tri Muji; Rantau, Deritha Elly; Hafiizh, Erwin Al; Maulana, Evan
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 13, No 2 (2017): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v13i2.3395

ABSTRACTStevia rebaudiana is plant species producing natural sweetener with has low calories. The species propagation could be done by tissue culture tecnique to obtain propagules with high quality and sustainability. Modification of media composition and in vitro environment will increase growth and vigority of explants so that they have high survival rate during acclimatization. The aim of this research was to increase growth of stevia shoot culture by increasing the level of vitamins in combination with different type of test tube covers. Stevia shoot tips were cultured on MS medium containing normal concentration of its vitamins (control treatment; Myo-inositol 100 mg/l; Nicotinic acid 0.5 mg/l; Pyridoxine-HCl 0.5 mg/l; Thiamine-HCl 0.5 mg/l and Glycine 2 mg/l), twice and 4 folds of vitamin levels, they were grown on culture tubes with Al-foil and ventilated-plastic with filter (2 cm diameter and pore size at 0,22 micron). Height of shoots, number of nodes, number of leaves, number of roots were observed every week till 8 weeks of culture. Biomass (fresh and dry weights) and chlorophyll level and acclimatization were done 8 weeks of culture. The results showed that type of culture tube covers affected significantly to all growth parameters, biomass as well as level of chlorophyll, meanwhile level of vitamins only affected number of nodes, shoots and roots. Interaction between vitamin level and covers types only occured for height of shoots and number of roots. Plantlets grown on medium containing 4 fold of vitamin level (Myo-inositol 400 mg/l; Nicotinic acid 2 mg/l; Pyridoxine-HCl 2 mg/l; Thiamine-HCl 2 mg/l and Glycine 8 mg/l) with ventilated-plastic cover had larger leaves compared to other treatments. All plantlets survived in a greenhouse.Keywords: Stevia rebaudiana, in vitro growth, increase in vitamin concentration.

VARIASI JUMLAH KROMOSOM TALAS BENTUL (COLOCASIA ESCULENTA (L.) SCHOTT) IN VITRO HASIL PERLAKUAN ORIZALIN Ermayanti, Tri Muji; Rantau, Deritha Ellfy; Wulansari, Aida; Martin, Andri Fadillah; Hafiizh, Erwin Al
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 15, No 1 (2019): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v15i1.3765

ABSTRACTChromosome number analysis is required after polyploid induction with oryzalin. Flowcytometry analysis is a simple and quick method to determine the ploidy level, however, chromosome number analysis is needed in order to confirm variation in the chromosome numbers which has occurred. The aim of the research was to investigate chromosome number variation of polyploid taro (Colocasia esculenta) after in vitro treatment with oryzalin. Nine treated-oryzalin clones and four taro cultivars, as control treatment, were used in this experiment. Ploidy level confirmation was done by flowcytometry analysis, meanwhile chromosome number calculation was performed by squashing method. Roots were isolated from in vitro plantlets for squashing, leaves were isolated from the same plantlets were used for flowcytometry analysis. At least three plants consisted of 6-52 cells having good chromosome distributions were calculated for their chromosome numbers. The results showed that ploidy level of taro corresponded to the number of chromosomes. Flowcytometry analysis of diploid, triploid, tetraploid as well as hexaploid clones, all has chromosome numbers similar to those as their ploidy levels. Range of the chromosome numbers varied, with most of cells had around their normal chromosome numbers. From 5 to 15% of cells had aneuploid numbers lower or above their normal chromosome numbers. Keywords : Colocasia esculenta, flowcytometer, polyploid, chromosome number, oryzalin, in vitro

ACCLIMATION AND AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF POLYPLOIDS CLONES OF ARTEMISIA ANNUA L. Rahman, Wiguna; Hafiizh, Erwin Al; Ermayanti, Tri Muji; Rantau, Deritha Ellfy; Lelono, Arthur A.
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 13, No 1 (2017): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v13i1.3092

ABSTRACTSomatic cell manipulation of Artemisia annua L. was conducted by induction of polyploid plants with Colchicine and Oryzalin in order to increase level of artemisinin. Polyploid plantlets were multiplied on MS medium without plant growth regulators. After acclimation processes, plants were grown in the field for agronomic performance observation. Survival rate of plantlets was recorded. Agronomic performance of plants was observed by recording height of plants, number of branches, leaf biomass, stomatal characteristics, and artemisinin content. The results showed that survival rate of the plantlets from Colchicine and Oryzalin treatments were ranging from 13.40 to 33.33% and 11.11 to 41.67%, respectively. Growth rates of plant height and plant branching were not significantly different between diploid and tetraploid plant both from Colchicine and Oryzalin treatments, except to triploid plants from Colchicine treatment. Averages of plant height from Colchicine and Oryzalin treatments were ranging from 10.0 to 220.0 cm and from 35.0 to 186.0 cm, respectively. The averages number of branches per plant of polyploid plants from Colchicine and Oryzalin treatments were ranging from 3 to 66 and from 11 to 63, respectively. Averages of dry leaves biomass between diploid and tetraploid plant from Colchicine and Oryzalin treatments were also not significantly different. They were ranging from 12 to 64 g/plant and from 11 to 62 g/plant, respectively. However, tetraploid clones have bigger size of stomata and produced more artemisinin than the diploids.Keywords: Artemisia annua L, Colchicine, Oryzalin, Polyploids, Acclimation, Agronomic performance

Cytological Analysis of Root Cultures of Artemisia cina Ermayanti, Tri Muji; Yanti, Oktavia; Hafiizh, Erwin Al
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 9 No. 2 (2004): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : BRIN

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Artemisia cina is a medicinal plant species producing bioactive compounds which are potential a antitumor, antifungal and antibacterial. The aim of this study was to analyze the stability of chromosome number in root cultures of A. cina. Transformed root culture was established by infection of leaves of A. cina with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains 07-20001, ATCC 15834, A4; and Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain R1000. Roots isolated from glasshouse plants, plantlets grown in solid and liquid MS medium were utilized for investigation of chromosome examination of untransformed roots. Chromosome examination was conducted by squashing method and chromosome numbers were calculated under microscope. The results showed that both untransformed and transformed root had in lability in the chromosome number, but had the modal number of chromosome x=8 with the diploid number of 2n =4x = 32. Roots isolated from glasshouse plants of A. cina had 53.7~ of cell with the diploid numbers of 2n = 3 and 46.3% of cells had chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 12 to 2n = 64. Untransformed roots isolated from plantlets cultured in solid medw had only 36.1% or cells with chromo orne number of 20 = 32, and untransformed roots grown in liquid medium had 49.4% of cells with 2n =32. The chromosome numbers of A. cina transformed roots was affected by trains of Agrobacterium. Root transformed with the bacterium Strain 07-20001 showed the highest in normal chromosome number of 2n = 32 (62.4%) followed by roots transformed with strains ATCC 15834 (61.9%). R1000 (43.6%) and A4 (43.0%). The range of the chromosome number of untransformed roots was from 2n=17 to 2n=64 whilst that of transformed roots was from 2n=11 to 2n=66.

Micropropagation of Tetramolopium klossii (Moore) Mattfeld, Endemic Subalpine and Alpine Plant Species to New Guinea Ermayanti, Tri Muji; Hafiizh, Erwin Al; Martin, Andri Fadillah; Mandessy, Ary; Hermono, Arief; Mukhsia, Andi
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 15 No. 2 (2011): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : BRIN

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The protocol of micropropagation of Tetramolopium klossii (Moore) Mattfeld through adventitious shoot proliferation was established. This is the first report of T. klossii tissue culture. Seeds were surface-sterilized by dipping them in 10% of ethanol for 1 min followed by soaking in 1% of sodium hypochlorite for 10 min. The sterile seeds were germinated on MS medium solidified with 8 g/l of agar, supplemented with 20 g/l of sucrose. Two-month old seedlings formed some shoot clumps on MS solid medium without addition of any plant growth regulators. Small clumps containing 4-6 adventitious shoots were used for shoot proliferation on MS solid medium containing 0; 0.1; 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l of BAP (benzylaminopurine) or kinetin. The results showed that medium MS without cytokinins (control treatment), and the addition of 0.1 or 0.5 mg/l of BAP was more effective for shoot proliferation compared to the medium with addition of BAP at higher concentration and the addition of kinetin. In further subcultures, multiple shoots grown on MS medium without cytokinins was more vigorous than that of shoots grown on other media, so that the shoots were ready for rooting. Medium containing 0.5 mg/l of BAP was the best for maintaining multiple shoot formation. Shoots formed roots on MS medium containing half strength of macro nutrients.

In vitro Seed Germination and Shoot Multiplication of Seven Endemic Subalpine and Alpine Plant Species Grown on Mount Jaya, Papua, Indonesia Ermayanti, Tri Muji; Hafiizh, Erwin Al; Mandessy, Ary; Setyadi, Gesang; Mukhsia, Andi
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 18 No. 1 (2014): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : BRIN

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Exploitation on plant population may put the endemic plants into an endangered state, hence, these plants will need to be conserved. In order to pursue conservation on endemic plants, we conducted in vitro seed germination and shoot multiplication of seven alpine and sub-alpine species endemic to Mount (Mt.) Jaya, in Papua, Indonesia, i.e. Tetramolopium klossii, Deschampsia klossii, Papuacalia cartenszensis, Epilobium hooglandii, Gaultheria novoguinensis, Rhododendron correoides, and Rhododendron culminicolum. These species are categorized as slow-growth plants found in higher altitude (over 3700 m above sea level) and low temperature of Mt. Jaya. Seeds were surface-sterilized using Na-hypochloride and germinated aseptically on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Dytikinin benzyl adenine (BA) was used for shoot multiplication. Seedling cultures were maintained in a controlled environment with continuous low light intensity (800 lux) and at temperature 26-27oC. Results showed that most species had more than 80% of germination rate on MS medium after a week in culture. BA was required to enhance shoots multiplication. Woody Plant (WP) (Lloyd & McCown, 1981) medium gave better shoot multiplication for R. culminicolum.

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