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All Journal Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Made Wihandani, Desak
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Aerospace Engineering Humanities Computer Science & IT Education Environmental Science Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Neuroscience Social Sciences Other

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The Effect of Oral Chitosan Supplementation on Leptin Levels and HOMA-IR in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with an Obesity Model Stefani, Lidwina; Pande Dwipayana, I Made; Alit Widhiartini, Ida Ayu; Made Wihandani, Desak; Bayu Mayura, I Putu
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 5 No. 7 (2025): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v5i7.51526

Abstract

This study investigates the role of chitosan in modulating leptin and insulin levels, key hormones involved in metabolic disorders, and compares its effectiveness with orlistat, a commonly used anti-obesity drug. An experimental post-test only group design was used involving 20 healthy male Wistar rats aged 3–4 months. After a seven-day acclimation, obesity was induced through a high-fat, high-glucose diet. The rats were then divided into five groups: a positive control group (K+) receiving orlistat, a negative control (K−) receiving a standard diet, and three treatment groups receiving chitosan at 2.5% (P1), 5% (P2), and 7.5% (P3) concentrations, respectively, for 14 days. Leptin and HOMA-IR levels were measured via blood samples collected from the retro-orbital sinus. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences among groups (p<0.05). Mean leptin levels were highest in K− (5.10±0.35 ng/dL) and lowest in K+ (3.03±0.71 ng/dL), while P2 showed a notable reduction (3.71±0.32 ng/dL). HOMA-IR levels followed a similar trend, with the lowest in K+ (1.00±0.08) and significantly reduced in P2 (1.34±0.11) compared to K− (2.29±0.25). Post Hoc analysis confirmed that P2 had significantly better outcomes than K−, though not as effective as orlistat. In conclusion, chitosan—particularly at 5% concentration—can reduce leptin and HOMA-IR levels, improving insulin resistance in obesity, though orlistat remains more effective.
The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Obesity Development : Biochemical Evidence and Potential Therapeutic Approaches Dyah Wulandari Putri, Putu; Made Wihandani, Desak; Made Winarsa Ruma , I
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v11i2.63881

Abstract

Obesity is a global public health concern with rising prevalence, affecting approximately one in eight adults worldwide. Oxidative stress has been identified as a key factor in the pathogenesis of obesity and its complications. Objective: This review aims to explore the biochemical mechanisms linking oxidative stress to obesity development and to examine potential therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress pathways. Method: This study is a narrative review employing a comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords related to obesity, oxidative stress, ROS, inflammation, adipogenesis, insulin resistance, and therapeutic approaches. Selected articles were English-language publications from the last decade and available in full-text format. Results: Oxidative stress plays a central role in obesity through multiple biochemical mechanisms. ROS activate inflammatory pathways by inducing M1 macrophage polarization and increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression via NF-κB activation. In adipogenesis, physiological ROS levels facilitate preadipocyte differentiation through PPARγ regulation, while excessive ROS cause adipocyte dysfunction and alterations in the pro-inflammatory adipokine profile. ROS also disrupt insulin signaling through JNK activation, which phosphorylates IRS-1 at serine residues. Therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress include dietary modifications (such as the Mediterranean diet), antioxidant supplementation, regular physical activity, pharmacological agents (rapamycin, orlistat, resveratrol), microbiota modulation, and advanced approaches including nano-formulations and gene therapy. Implications: A deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress in obesity may lead to the development of more effective and personalized therapeutic strategies for managing obesity and related metabolic complications.
Co-Authors Bayu Mayura, I Putu Dyah Wulandari Putri, Putu I Made Pande Dwipayana I.A.A. Widhiartini Made Winarsa Ruma , I Stefani, Lidwina