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Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Mengenai Subyek Tindak Pidana Perkebunan Kusuma, Bagus Hendradi
Seminar Nasional Hukum Universitas Negeri Semarang Vol. 1 No. 1 (2015): Kesiapan Sistem Hukum Sumber Daya Alam Indonesia dalam Menghadapi Era Masyaraka
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/snhunnes.v1i1.476

Sistem pemidanaan merupakan keseluruhan aturan untuk menjatuhkan sanski pidana, dimana induk segala aturan pidana berada dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). Antara KUHP dan undang-undang pidana di luar KUHP harus terdapat sinksronisasi, dalam hal ini Pasal 103 KUHP mengatakan bahwa ketentuan-ketentuan dalam Bab I sampai dengan Bab VIII Buku 1, berlaku bagi perundang-undangan pidana di luar KUHP, kecuali apabila ditentukan menyimpang. Dalam UU No. 18 Tahun 2004 tentang Perkebunan, subyek hukum pidana di dalam ketentuan pidan perundang-undangan tersebut menyatakan setiap orang, yang berate berlaku bagi setiap orang secara umum, namun setiap orang dalam ketentuan pidana tersebut tidak dirumuskan secara tegas dalam ketentuan umum undang-undang tersebut dam langsung menghubungkan antara subyek hukum pidana dengan subyek hukum adminsitrasi dengan mengindetikkan subyek hukum pidana sama dengan subyek hukum administrasi. Bertolak dari uraian di atas, maka penulis merumuskan suatu permasalahan yakni bagaimana pengaturan/formulasi subyek tindak pidana perkebunan dan bagaiaman kebijakan formulasi yang akan datang mengenai subyek tindak pidana perkebunan. Pengaturan/formulasi subyek tindak pidana perkebunan dalam Undang-Undang No. 18 tahun 2004 yakni setiap orang yang dalam pengaturan/formulasi di dalam ketentuan umum tidak dijelaskan batasan atau ruang lingkup mengenai setiap orang tersebut, berdasarkan Pasal 103 KUHP, berlakunya asas-asas umum dalam hukum pidana, dimana subyek tindak pidana dalam undang-undang tersebut adalah natuurlijke person. Kebijakan formulasi mengenai subyek tidak pidana perkebunan dalam kebijakan hukum pidana yang akan datang haruslah dirumuskan secara tegas dalam perundang-undangan, apakah meliputi orang ataupun diperluas kepada korporasi. Jika diperluas korporasi sebagai subyek tindak pidana maka harus disertai pada aturan dalam pedoman pemidaaan bagi korporasi. Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah, bahwa pengaturan subyek tindak pidana perkebunan dalam Undang-undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2004 tidak dapat disamakan dengan ketentuan subyek hukum adminsitrasi tersebut, karena setiap orang tidak dirumuskan tegas dalam ketentuan umumnya, kemudia bahwa subyek tindak pidana harus dirumuskan secara tegas dalam peraturan perundang-undangan apabila ingin diatur secara menyimpang dan ketentuan umum hukum pidana.

Criminal Law Policy Regarding Plantation Criminal Subjects Kusuma, Bagus Hendradi
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol 1 No 1 (2015): L. Research Rev. Q. (February 2015) "Legal Aspects in ASEAN Economic Community Pa
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/snh.v1i01.21462

The criminal system is the entire rule for imposing criminal sanctions, where the main criminal rules are in the Criminal Code (KUHP). Between the Criminal Code and criminal law outside the Criminal Code there must be a synchronization, in this case Article 103 of the Criminal Code says that the provisions in Chapters I through Chapter VIII Book 1, apply to criminal legislation outside the Criminal Code, unless it is deviated. In Law No. 18 of 2004 concerning Plantations, the subject of criminal law in the provisions of the midwifery of the law states everyone, which means applies to everyone in general, but everyone in the criminal provisions is not explicitly formulated in the general provisions of the law and direct damages connecting criminal law subjects with administrative law subjects by typing criminal law subjects together with administrative law subjects. Starting from the description above, the authors formulated a problem namely how the regulation / formulation of the subject of plantation criminal acts and how the future formulation policy regarding the subject of plantation criminal acts. Arrangement / formulation of the subject of plantation criminal acts in Law No. 18 of 2004 that is, every person in the regulation / formulation in the general provisions does not explain the limitations or scope of each person, based on Article 103 of the Criminal Code, the enactment of general principles in criminal law, where the subject of criminal acts in the law is natuurlijke person.

Sacred Bonds or Sinful Ties? Interreligious Marriage in Islamic Law Ramadhan, Rafli Zidan Eka; Aisy, Rohadhatul; Abidah, Shofriya Qonitatin; Najihah, Fateema Muslihatun; Kusuma, Bagus Hendradi
Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society Vol 3 No 2 (2024): July-December, 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Interreligious marriage remains one of the most debated issues in Islamic law, raising questions about faith, identity, and legal restrictions. Islamic jurisprudence, derived from the Quran, Hadith, and scholarly consensus, generally prohibits Muslim women from marrying non-Muslim men while allowing Muslim men to marry Christian or Jewish women under specific conditions. This distinction is rooted in concerns over religious continuity, familial stability, and the spiritual upbringing of children. The prohibition reflects the broader Islamic principle of maintaining faith within the household and preventing potential conflicts in religious obligations between spouses. Many Muslim-majority countries have incorporated these religious principles into their national legal frameworks, enforcing restrictions on interfaith marriages. These laws are justified on the grounds of protecting Islamic values and ensuring the predominance of Muslim identity within families. However, in an increasingly globalized world, where cultural and religious boundaries are more fluid, these restrictions face growing challenges. Critics argue that such prohibitions conflict with fundamental human rights, particularly the right to marry and religious freedom. Additionally, interfaith couples often encounter significant legal and social hurdles, including issues related to inheritance, child custody, and religious conversion. This study examines the theological, legal, and sociocultural foundations of the prohibition on interreligious marriage in Islam. By analyzing classical Islamic jurisprudence alongside modern legal and human rights perspectives, this paper explores how these restrictions impact Muslim communities today and whether evolving interpretations can accommodate interfaith unions in pluralistic societies.

Sacred Bonds or Sinful Ties? Interreligious Marriage in Islamic Law Ramadhan, Rafli Zidan Eka; Aisy, Rohadhatul; Abidah, Shofriya Qonitatin; Fateema Muslihatun; Kusuma, Bagus Hendradi
Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Law, Morality, and Identity in Muslim Societies: A Contemporary Legal Discourse
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ciils.v3i2.31405

Interreligious marriage remains one of the most debated issues in Islamic law, raising questions about faith, identity, and legal restrictions. Islamic jurisprudence, derived from the Quran, Hadith, and scholarly consensus, generally prohibits Muslim women from marrying non-Muslim men while allowing Muslim men to marry Christian or Jewish women under specific conditions. This distinction is rooted in concerns over religious continuity, familial stability, and the spiritual upbringing of children. The prohibition reflects the broader Islamic principle of maintaining faith within the household and preventing potential conflicts in religious obligations between spouses. Many Muslim-majority countries have incorporated these religious principles into their national legal frameworks, enforcing restrictions on interfaith marriages. These laws are justified on the grounds of protecting Islamic values and ensuring the predominance of Muslim identity within families. However, in an increasingly globalized world, where cultural and religious boundaries are more fluid, these restrictions face growing challenges. Critics argue that such prohibitions conflict with fundamental human rights, particularly the right to marry and religious freedom. Additionally, interfaith couples often encounter significant legal and social hurdles, including issues related to inheritance, child custody, and religious conversion. This study examines the theological, legal, and sociocultural foundations of the prohibition on interreligious marriage in Islam. By analyzing classical Islamic jurisprudence alongside modern legal and human rights perspectives, this paper explores how these restrictions impact Muslim communities today and whether evolving interpretations can accommodate interfaith unions in pluralistic societies.

Prison and Non-Prison Sanctions in Cases of Defamation through Social Media Purnomo, Didik; Widyawati, Anis; Kusuma, Bagus Hendradi
Indonesia Media Law Review Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): January-June, 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/imrev.v4i1.33163

The increase in online defamation in Indonesia in line with the growing number of internet users, which is often responded to with prison sentences of up to 4 years based on the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, has raised a debate regarding the effectiveness and proportionality of such punishments. This article aims to compare the effectiveness of prison sanctions versus non-prison sanctions such as fines, community service, and their alignment with the principles of restorative justice and the 2023 Criminal Code. The research method uses a comparative-normative approach by analyzing the rulings on defamation cases via Facebook, the ITE Law, and regulatory changes in the Criminal Code (Law No. 1/2023). The study results show that the defendants were sentenced to prison (2–8 months), only 3 received probation, the 2023 Criminal Code (effective 2026) abolishes prison sentences for minor offenses, switching to fines (maximum Rp10 million) or community service, online defamation has now become a complaint-based crime following the changes to the ITE Law in 2016. In conclusion, short-term prison sentences are less effective because they have the potential to sacrifice freedom of expression and have minimal preventive impact, while non-custodial sentences are more suitable for minor cases in line with the adoption of restorative justice. Recommendations include amendments to the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) to integrate alternative sanctions of fines or community service, prioritizing mediation as a preliminary step, and socializing the limits of digital freedom.

AI in Administrative Dispute Resolution: Exploring Opportunities and Risks Wibowo, Esa Maulana; Nte, Ngaboawaji Daniel; Kusuma, Bagus Hendradi
Indonesian State Law Review Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian State Law Review, October 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/islrev.v7i2.18877

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the resolution of administrative disputes presents both significant opportunities and potential risks within the legal framework. As administrative courts globally face growing caseloads and demands for faster, more efficient decision-making, AI offers a promising solution for enhancing the speed, accuracy, and consistency of legal processes. This research explores the potential applications of AI in Indonesia's administrative justice system, focusing on its role in case management, decision support, and predictive analytics. The findings highlight several key opportunities, including AI’s potential to streamline case processing, reduce human error, and improve access to justice by automating routine tasks. Additionally, AI can help predict legal outcomes based on data-driven insights, offering both practitioners and courts valuable tools to enhance decision-making. However, the study also identifies significant risks, such as the potential for bias in algorithmic decision-making, lack of transparency, and concerns over the loss of human oversight in critical legal decisions. These risks may undermine the fairness and accountability of administrative dispute resolution. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on the intersection of AI and administrative law, offering a fresh perspective on how emerging technologies can be harnessed to improve judicial efficiency while addressing the inherent challenges. The urgency of this exploration is underscored by the increasing demand for reforms in administrative justice systems. This study contributes valuable insights for policymakers and legal professionals on how to balance innovation with safeguards to ensure AI’s responsible and equitable use in administrative dispute resolution.

Effectiveness of Ship Sinking of Illegal Fishing in Term of the Improvement of Local Fishermen Income Maskur, Muhammad Azil; Masyhar, Ali; Kusuma, Bagus Hendradi; Widyawati, Anis
IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) Vol 6, No 2 (2021): Indonesia J. Crim. L. Studies (November, 2021)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcls.v6i2.33915

Illegal fishing in Indonesia is at an alarming point, that the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries made a policy of ship sinking. There are pros and cons related to these sanctions, not even a little resistance from both the internal government itself and the mafia who have been enjoying the results of Illegal Fishing. The sustainability of this policy has been almost 4 years. Data represents that through this policy, illegal fishing has dropped dramatically, so that when viewed in terms of criminal penalties for deterrence (absolute theory), the policy is very effective. However, whether the policy has an impact on the income of local fishermen, logically, when there is illegal fishing of small fish, the income of local fishermen increases. In order to figure out the effectiveness of illegal fishing sanctions in relation to increasing local fishermen’s income, the researchers determined the location of the study in the Tambak Lorok Fishing Village in Semarang.

Power, Resources, and Justice: Evaluating International Courts in Settling Transboundary Natural Resource Conflicts Wijayanti, Aprilia; Fikri, Wildan Azkal; Purnomo, Didik; Kusuma, Bagus Hendradi; Sumardiana, Benny
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): July-December, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijel.v3i2.40216

Transboundary natural resource disputes—ranging from water rights and mineral extraction to fishing zones—pose complex challenges to the international legal system, often threatening regional stability, economic development, and diplomatic relations. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of international courts in resolving such disputes between sovereign states, focusing on how legal principles, judicial authority, and enforcement mechanisms interact to manage conflicts over shared resources. By examining case studies from the International Court of Justice (ICJ), arbitral tribunals, and other relevant judicial bodies, the study assesses both successes and limitations in achieving equitable and sustainable outcomes. The analysis highlights key factors that influence the effectiveness of international adjudication, including the clarity of legal norms, the willingness of states to submit to jurisdiction, the availability of evidence, and the political and economic stakes involved. While international courts have demonstrated the ability to provide neutral platforms, clarify legal obligations, and shape normative expectations, enforcement challenges and state resistance often limit their practical impact. Moreover, complex scientific, environmental, and technical issues can complicate judicial decision-making, particularly in disputes over shared watercourses, fisheries, and transboundary natural resources. Despite these challenges, the paper argues that international courts play a critical role in promoting accountability, preventing escalation, and guiding cooperative resource management. The study concludes that while courts cannot guarantee compliance or resolve all conflicts, their jurisprudence significantly contributes to the development of international law, offers frameworks for negotiation, and encourages peaceful, rules-based resolution of disputes. Strengthening legal frameworks, promoting regional cooperation, and enhancing compliance mechanisms are essential to maximize the impact of judicial intervention in resource conflicts.

Integration of National Security and Rehabilitation in Sentencing for Perpetrators of Terrorist Crimes: Integrasi Keamanan Nasional dan Rehabilitasi dalam Penjatuhan Hukuman bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Terorisme Purnomo, Didik; Kusuma, Bagus Hendradi
Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): July-Desember, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijctns.v3i2.27611

This research analyzes the integration between national security interests and rehabilitation in the sentencing system for terrorists in Indonesia, focusing on how the legal framework, policies, and law enforcement practices can combine strict monitoring mechanisms in special correctional institutions with deradicalization and social reintegration programs. The research method relies on a document study of Law No. 5 of 2018 on the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism, the national action plan for counter-terrorism, as well as a comparative analysis of terrorism sentencing models in Malaysia and Singapore based on a literature review and secondary data. The research results indicate that Indonesia's regulations have adopted a balanced approach between security and rehabilitation by establishing special class correctional institutions and religious psychosocial-based deradicalization programs. However, its implementation is hindered by limitations in human resources, funding allocation, and a lack of post-release monitoring mechanisms. The recidivism rate remains significant despite cases of successful rehabilitation for inmates who receive adequate economic and psychosocial support. The research concludes that the effectiveness of counter-terrorism sentencing requires synergy between institutions, a multisectoral approach, and strengthening the capacity of rehabilitation infrastructure. Policy recommendations include revising the Anti-Terrorism Law to clarify mandatory rehabilitation clauses, enhancing the capacity of law enforcement human resources and correctional facility managers' capacity, and developing post-release economic and community-based reintegration programs.

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