Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 13 Documents
Search

Patriarchy and the Rights of Rape Victims: Law and Practice Barua, Udita; Hossain, Mohammad Belayet
Lex Publica Vol. 9 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (244.676 KB) | DOI: 10.58829/lp.9.1.2022.79-93

Abstract

Rape is one of the most heinous forms of violence against women around the world. People are getting more civilized and educated but this gruesome crime is increasing in an alarming rate. Moreover, it is the least reported crime in the world and sadly Bangladesh is no exception. This social misdeed is creating a society that disregards women and children’s rights and safety. As an effect, victims are blamed in most cases and rapist get away through the loophole of the law. Thus, there is an unending suffering of victims and their families are humiliated or disgraced in the society. The purpose of this research is to show how the rights of rape victims are protected in Bangladesh. This paper is also going to manifest in what extent those provisions are applicable in a practical way. This study also evaluated various Bangladeshi laws and tried to find out the barriers to execute them. The paper has identified many loopholes in the existing legal system and provided recommendations to stop this despicable social illness. Abstrak Pemerkosaan adalah salah satu bentuk kekerasan paling keji terhadap perempuan di seluruh dunia. Orang-orang menjadi lebih beradab dan berpendidikan tetapi kejahatan mengerikan ini meningkat dengan kecepatan yang mengkhawatirkan. Selain itu, ini adalah kejahatan yang paling sedikit dilaporkan di dunia dan sayangnya Bangladesh tidak terkecuali. Kejahatan sosial ini menciptakan masyarakat yang mengabaikan hak dan keamanan perempuan dan anak-anak. Akibatnya, korban disalahkan dalam banyak kasus dan pemerkosa lolos melalui celah hukum. Dengan demikian, tidak ada habisnya penderitaan para korban dan keluarganya yang direndahkan atau dipermalukan di masyarakat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menunjukkan bagaimana hak-hak korban perkosaan dilindungi di Bangladesh. Makalah ini juga akan memanifestasikan sejauh mana ketentuan tersebut dapat diterapkan secara praktis. Studi ini juga mengevaluasi berbagai undang-undang Bangladesh dan mencoba mencari tahu hambatan untuk mengeksekusinya. Makalah ini telah mengidentifikasi banyak celah dalam sistem hukum yang ada dan memberikan rekomendasi untuk menghentikan penyakit sosial yang tercela ini. Kata kunci: Pemerkosa, pemerkosaan anak, pemerintah, bunuh diri, patriarki
Micro Plastic Pollution in South Asia: The Impact of Plastic Pollution over the Unsustainable Development Goals Rifa, Tasfiea; Hossain, Mohammad Belayet
Lex Publica Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (336.542 KB) | DOI: 10.58829/lp.9.2.2022.01-28

Abstract

One of the most pressing environmental issues facing the world right now is plastic waste. Once in the environment, plastics continuously degrade into microplastics, which are fragments of plastic. There are more national and international promises to reduce microplastic pollution as the world's plastic production rises. National governments are increasingly banning single-use plastic products or imposing taxes on them. Consider the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the UN Environment Assembly Resolutions on Marine Litter and Microplastics, and Addressing Single-Use Plastic Products Pollution as examples of these commitments. In 2015, the UN announced the adoption of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In an effort to increase their sustainability, the SDGs have been extensively adopted by governments and businesses. There are 17 SDGs, comprising 169 targets, which are measurable against 247 unique indicators but there is only one indicator under Goal 14, specifically related to reducing impacts from microplastics. There are various international and regional legal policies which have provisions that indicate plastic pollution but none of them have mentioned microplastic pollution. There are some recent national legislations regarding microplastic pollution. This paper briefly discusses the concept of microplastics and the situation of microplastics pollution in selected South Asian countries including India, Bangladesh, Maldives, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. There is a brief overview of international and regional legal policies along with litigations are cultivated in this paper. The paper also analyzes the impact of plastic pollution over The Un Sustainable Development Goals.   Abstrak. Salah satu masalah lingkungan paling mendesak yang dihadapi dunia saat ini adalah sampah plastik. Begitu berada di lingkungan, plastik terus terdegradasi menjadi mikroplastik, yang merupakan pecahan plastik. Ada lebih banyak janji nasional dan internasional untuk mengurangi polusi mikroplastik saat produksi plastik dunia meningkat. Pemerintah nasional semakin melarang produk plastik sekali pakai atau mengenakan pajak pada mereka. Pertimbangkan Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan PBB, Resolusi Majelis Lingkungan PBB tentang Sampah Laut dan Mikroplastik, dan Mengatasi Polusi Produk Plastik Sekali Pakai sebagai contoh dari komitmen ini. Pada 2015, PBB mengumumkan adopsi 17 Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs). Dalam upaya meningkatkan keberlanjutannya, SDGs telah diadopsi secara luas oleh pemerintah dan bisnis. Ada 17 SDGs, yang terdiri dari 169 target, yang dapat diukur dengan 247 indikator unik, tetapi hanya ada satu indikator di bawah Tujuan 14, khususnya terkait pengurangan dampak mikroplastik. Terdapat berbagai kebijakan hukum internasional dan regional yang memiliki ketentuan yang mengindikasikan pencemaran plastik namun belum ada satupun yang menyebutkan pencemaran mikroplastik. Ada beberapa undang-undang nasional baru-baru ini  mengenai polusi mikroplastik. Makalah ini membahas secara singkat konsep mikroplastik dan situasi polusi mikroplastik di negara-negara Asia Selatan tertentu termasuk India, Bangladesh, Maladewa, Sri Lanka, dan Pakistan. Ada gambaran singkat tentang kebijakan hukum internasional dan regional beserta litigasi yang digarap dalam tulisan ini. Makalah ini juga menganalisis dampak polusi plastik terhadap Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan PBB.   Kata kunci: Mikroplastik, polusi, sampah plastik, tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan.  
Analyzing the Most-Favored Nation Treatment Principle: A Study of Malaysia’s Bilateral Investment Treaties and Their Implications Hossain, Mohammad Belayet
Lex Publica Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58829/lp.12.1.2025.299

Abstract

This study critically examines the application of the Most-Favoured Nation (MFN) treatment principle within Malaysia’s Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and its broader implications for investment governance. Drawing from doctrinal legal analysis and expert interviews, including insights from Professor Zakiri of Universiti Utara Malaysia, the research explores how MFN clauses influence Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), investor-state relations, and Malaysia’s regulatory sovereignty. The findings reveal significant inconsistencies and ambiguities in the interpretation of MFN clauses-particularly concerning their applicability to procedural rights such as dispute settlement. These gaps not only risk treaty shopping but also constrain Malaysia’s ability to enact public interest regulations in areas like health, environment, and taxation. The study recommends the development of a Model BIT that includes clearly defined MFN scopes, sustainable development carve-outs, and alignment with ESG principles. It advances the ongoing discourse on how to balance investor protection with space policy and provides practical suggestions for reforming Malaysia’s international investment treaty framework.