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Optimizing the density of ultrafine bubbles fluid by time and production volume in a closed-loop system Budiman, Arif Adtyas; Meikayani, Jentik; Nitiamijaya, Devita; Wardhani, Veronica Indriati Sri; Setiawan, Putut Hery; Juarsa, Mulya; Prayogo, Kukuh; Baiquny, Ariq Hafizh
Jurnal Teknosains Vol 14, No 2 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/teknosains.100358

Abstract

Ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) play a crucial role as catalysts in water treatment, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, and industrial processes, particularly those involving heat transfer mechanisms. Several researchers in Indonesia have explored ultrafine bubble fluids' potential as a heat transfer medium in passive cooling system models. In this context, changes in the density of ultrafine bubble fluids serve as the primary driver for flow. Since ultrafine bubbles increase in diameter when heated, examining an optimal production model is essential to ensure their availability in the flow. This study aims to optimize the production of ultrafine bubble fluids with the lowest possible density compared to the base fluid (reference). The research investigates the effect of production time and volume variations on ultrafine bubble density in a closed-loop system. Production times of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes are tested across tank volumes of 20, 40, 50, and 60 liters. The closed-loop production model utilizes hydrodynamic cavitation to maintain continuous fluid flow, with sample collection occurring at 15-minute intervals after the initial production time to allow for stable bubble size. Observations and statistical analysis using the Response Surface Method (RSM) reveal a nonlinear relationship between production time and ultrafine bubble fluid density. The optimal density is achieved with a production time of 60 minutes for a 40-liter volume. Additionally, this closed-loop model increases the temperature of the ultrafine bubble fluid to 54.3 °C in a 20-liter volume. Heat accumulation occurs due to the continuous pump-driven flow without additional cooling systems.
Implementation of adaptive PID control for maintaining temperature stability during steady-state conditions in stirred heating tank Valentina, Pricylia; Tjahjono, Hendro; Pamitran, Agus Sunjarianto; Roswandi, Iwan; Setiawan, Putut Hery; Budiman, Arif Adtyas; Haryanto, Dedy; Sanda, Sanda; Prayogo, Kukuh; Juarsa, Mulya
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 16, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i4.pp2389-2399

Abstract

Temperature stability is a crucial factor in industries such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food processing, where fluctuations can damage product quality and increase energy consumption. This study aims to optimize heater power control using an adaptive proportional integral derivative (PID) control system to maintain temperature stability under steady-state conditions. The method involves applying adaptive PID control to a stirred heating tank using LabVIEW software with a national instruments controller module and a single-phase SCR to regulate heater power and adjust control parameters in real time. The results indicate that the system operates more effectively under stable conditions, with faster response times and a lower overshoot of less than 0.12%. However, under disturbed conditions, such as water drainage and replacement, the system requires more time to adjust the temperature and experiences increased energy consumption and heat loss. Despite this, the system still achieves an energy efficiency improvement, with efficiency values ranging from 77.66% to 80.03%. The implementation of adaptive PID control demonstrates significant potential in enhancing system accuracy and response to temperature changes, contributing to the development of more efficient industrial control technologies.