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All Journal Global Strategis Jurnal Hubungan Internasional JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) Andalas Journal of International Studies Nation State : Journal of International Studies Journal of Islamic World and Politics
Al-Fadhat, Faris
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RUSSIA-CHINA PARTNERSHIP: AFTERMATH CONSEQUENCES OF THE UKRAINE CRISIS Muttaqien, Audi Izzat; Alimuddin, Sitti Zarina Binti; Hayatunufus, Hayatunufus; Al-Fadhat, Faris
JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) Vol 9, No 1 (2024): JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) January
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jwp.v8i1.44921

Abstract

This research examines the Russia-China alliance after Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022, which impacted the world and led to polarity in international politics. The United States and its western allies have tried to weaken Russia’s dominance economically and politically. At the same time, China has supported and strengthened cooperation with Russia. This study uses a qualitative method by analyzing and critically reading the data collected through literature study. The result found that the expansion of NATO membership triggers Russia to act because of external threats. The West agreed to embargoes and sanctions against Russia, affecting 90% of Russian oil and gas markets. However, Russia showed its strength and warned of nuclear threats. This study also contends that amid the US pressure that caused Russia to lose its Western buyers, China backed Russia and became its potential oil buyer. The US pressure on Russia has brought Russia-China even closer.
The Political Economy of Local Content Requirements Policy in Indonesia’s Telecommunication Manufacturing Industry 2015-2020 Al-Fadhat, Faris; Handana, Praba Satya
Nation State: Journal of International Studies Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Defying the Uncertainty of the Global Political Economy Order
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Social Science, Department of International Relations, Universitas Amikom Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24076/nsjis.v6i2.1102

Abstract

This article examines the factors shaping Indonesia’s Local Content Requirements (LCR) policy on the telecommunications manufacturing industry, specifically on the production of smartphones from 2015 to 2020. The LCR policy mandates both foreign and domestic corporations to utilize local content up to a specified minimum threshold. The Indonesia’s LCR policy on the telecommunications industry is set at a minimum of 30%. This local content could be derived from labor, raw materials for product manufacturing, or investment. Nevertheless, the implementation of the Indonesia’s LCR policy is considered contradictory to the previous government’s endeavors to augment the level of foreign direct investment. This is because the LCR policy is seen as a protectionist measure that may potentially hinder foreign companies, thereby inducing a decrease in investment. This study applies a political economy approach with library research data collection methods and subsequently analyzed using qualitative methods. The result of this research shows that the Indonesian government’s LCR policy is underpinned by two primary factors and interests. Firstly, it aims to support corporate interests, particularly the development of the local telecommunications industry. Secondly, the policy is motivated by a long-term ambition to increase the participation of Indonesian businesses in Global Value Chain (GVC) networks.
The Influence of Indo-Pacific Economic Framework on Peace Stability in The ASEAN Region Abadi, Fany Anggun; Al-Fadhat, Faris
Global Strategis Vol. 17 No. 1 (2023): Global Strategis
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.33-50

Abstract

By taking into account all motives for foreign economic cooperation, including the Indo-Pacific Economics Framework (IPEF), this framework will definitely affect the economies of several countries in the region, especially Southeast Asia. ASEAN is demanded not only as an elite state organization but furthermore, is also required to have the capability to involve all elements of its member countries' societies, in the varying fields, especially economic, political and peace stability. This paper then raised a question regarding how does the IPEF influence the peace stability in the ASEAN Region. In examining this question, the author used the theory of international organizations typology, international economic regime theory, and regional peace stability theory. It is concluded that the step that's certainly must be taken by countries in the region is to help each other. Thus, it is the joint responsibility of each country, both inside and outside the region to prevent the emergence of conflict and voluntarily build trust to achieve regional stability. In this context, ASEAN certainly must be stronger. Keywords: ASEAN, economy, stability Dengan memperhitungkan segala motif kerja sama ekonomi luar negeri, termasuk Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF), kerangka ini pasti akan berpengaruh terhadap perekonomian beberapa negara di kawasan, khususnya Asia Tenggara. ASEAN dituntut tidak hanya sebagai organisasi elit negara, tetapi juga dituntut untuk memiliki kapabilitas untuk melibatkan seluruh elemen masyarakat negara anggotanya dalam berbagai bidang, terutama ekonomi, politik, dan stabilitas perdamaian. Penelitian ini kemudian mengajukan pertanyaan terkait bagaimana pengaruh Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) terhadap stabilitas perdamaian di kawasan ASEAN. Dalam menganalisis pertanyaan ini, penulis menggunakan teori tipologi organisasi internasional, teori rezim ekonomi internasional, dan teori stabilitas perdamaian regional. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa langkah yang pastinya harus diambil oleh negara-negara di kawasan adalah saling membantu. Dengan demikian, menjadi tanggung jawab bersama negara-negara, baik di dalam maupun di luar kawasan untuk mencegah konflik dan membangun kepercayaan secara sukarela untuk mencapai stabilitas kawasan. Dalam konteks ini, tentunya ASEAN harus semakin kuat. Kata-kata Kunci: ASEAN, ekonomi, stabilitas
Leveraging Asymmetric Relations in Sister City Relationships Sinambela, Stivani Ismawira; Al-Fadhat, Faris; Mukti, Takdir Ali; Warsito, Tulus
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): Published in May 2025
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.14.1.15-31.2025

Abstract

This research analyzes the Sister City collaboration model that influences the success of economic cooperation between local governments. Sister City Relationship (SCR) is a form of subnational diplomacy that connects cities across countries through formal agreements, aiming to promote economic, cultural, and social cooperation. However, many SCR initiatives remain symbolic and fail to generate tangible benefits. This study proposes a more strategic approach by examining how asymmetry between cities can enhance economic cooperation. The theoretical framework adopts an asymmetric approach, arguing that mutual compatibility can emerge from unequal relationships. Compatibility is operationalized through indicators such as: (1) Area, (2) Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and (3) Human Development Index (HDI), which reflect the economic and developmental capacity of a city or region. A coupling model is used to categorize relationships into Big-Small and Small-Big pairings, referring respectively to partnerships where a big Local Cities collaborates with a smaller Foreign Cities, and vice versa. These asymmetric configurations are found to be more effective than symmetrical pairings, which often struggle with overlapping interests and lack of reciprocity. Empirical findings based on selected SCR cases in Indonesia such as Bandung, Surabaya and Medan, shows that coupling cities with complementary resources, rather than equal status, enables more dynamic and outcome-driven engagements. The study offers both theoretical and practical contribution for designing more strategic and resource-based asymmetric relations.
The Architecture of Asymmetric Relations through Bibliometrics Analysis Sinambela, Stivani Ismawira; Nurmandi, Achmad; Al-Fadhat, Faris; Abdelaziz, Zineb
Journal of Islamic World and Politics Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Prodi Hubungan Internasional Program Magister Univ. Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jiwp.v9i2.192

Abstract

This study aims to identify a model of Asymmetric Relations in International Relations studies. The method of this study is content and bibliometric analysis based on published journal articles in the SCOPUS Database in the last two decades, from 2004 to 2024. A total of 107 articles met the inclusion criteria. The data from the search results were then analyzed using scientific visualization and the VOS viewer tool to analyze the network relationships underlying the publication and the publication trend information on Asymmetric Relations. The finding revealed that asymmetric relations in the study of International Relations have sub-themes related to war and conflict in the first ten years, and economic themes are discussed in the following ten years. The transformation is associated with the rise of soft power in the economic sector, particularly through China’s Foreign Direct Investment. The main findings of the study on asymmetric relations are (1) A weak position in terms of military power increases threat perception, as realists predict; (2) Shared identity decreases threat perception, as constructivists predict; (3) Shared identity increases cooperation in economic policy areas. This study concluded that through hard power, asymmetric relations can lead to hegemony. In contrast, through soft power, economic stability among countries can be achieved, as reflected in China’s relations with Asian countries.
Green Financial or Greenwashing? Bank Mandiri’s Innovation in Support of Net Zero Emission 2060 Wibowo, Bromo Yudo; Al-Fadhat, Faris
Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jhi.v14i2.27428

Abstract

This study analyzed Bank Mandiri’s position in the political economy of Indonesian banking, emphasizing the possibility of greenwashing in the offering of green loans and sustainability-linked loans. As of June 2024, Bank Mandiri possessed a sustainable portfolio worth IDR 278 trillion. The bank’s green portfolio grew by 20.4% annually to IDR 139 trillion. This study adopted a qualitative method by analyzing Bank Mandiri’s annual financial reports from 2020 to 2024, public policies, and online news media coverage to evaluate its alignment with the net-zero emission (NZE) 2060 commitment. The findings unveiled that although funds have been allocated to renewable energy projects such as hydro and geothermal, most funds remained flowing into sectors with high environmental risks, such as the development of smelters that rely on fossil fuels, contradicting the NZE goals. Bank Mandiri’s ESG program has not yet met all crucial sustainability standards, indicating the presence of greenwashing practices. Indonesia does not possess mandatory sustainability reporting standards, but it has encouraged reporting based on global standards, such as GRI and the newly adopted IFRS standards. This study emphasizes the significance of greater transparency and government oversight to ensure that green financing truly benefits the environment and is not merely a marketing strategy. The novelty of this research lies in the lack of studies conducted on the financing policies provided by Mandiri Bank. This study analyzed Bank Mandiri’s position in the political economy of Indonesian banking, emphasizing the possibility of greenwashing in the offering of green loans and sustainability-linked loans. As of June 2024, Bank Mandiri possessed a sustainable portfolio worth IDR 278 trillion. The bank’s green portfolio grew by 20.4% annually to IDR 139 trillion. This study adopted a qualitative method by analyzing Bank Mandiri’s annual financial reports from 2020 to 2024, public policies, and online news media coverage to evaluate its alignment with the net-zero emission (NZE) 2060 commitment. The findings unveiled that although funds have been allocated to renewable energy projects such as hydro and geothermal, most funds remained flowing into sectors with high environmental risks, such as the development of smelters that rely on fossil fuels, contradicting the NZE goals. Bank Mandiri’s ESG program has not yet met all crucial sustainability standards, indicating the presence of greenwashing practices. Indonesia does not possess mandatory sustainability reporting standards, but it has encouraged reporting based on global standards, such as GRI and the newly adopted IFRS standards. This study emphasizes the significance of greater transparency and government oversight to ensure that green financing truly benefits the environment and is not merely a marketing strategy. The novelty of this research lies in the lack of studies conducted on the financing policies provided by Mandiri Bank.
Geoeconomics of Chip War: TSMC’S Influence in Tech Titans Rivalry Zulkarnain, Muhammad Fitrah; Al-Fadhat, Faris; Sitompul, Eiga
Journal of Islamic World and Politics Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Prodi Hubungan Internasional Program Magister Univ. Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jiwp.v10i1.186

Abstract

This research analyzes the geoeconomic aspects of the global semiconductor industry, concentrating on China's strategic goal of semiconductor self-sufficiency and Taiwan's reliance on Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). The research used a qualitative cross-case analysis of secondary data, such as policy papers, government reports, and industry analyses, to compare China's state-driven semiconductor development strategy with Taiwan's economic leverage through TSMC. By highlighting how semiconductors function as strategic economic assets that influence global power dynamics, this study fills a gap in the literature that frequently views semiconductor rivalry as merely a technological or security concern. The results exhibit that Taiwan's ability to produce the most advanced chips strengthens its relationship with the US but also makes it more vulnerable to global risks. China's investments, like the "Big Fund", have sped up the growth of local semiconductors; however, they are still limited by export controls led by the U.S. This highlights the important relationship between economic infrastructure and geopolitical impact in the growing tech rivalry and gives policymakers, business strategists, and scholars useful information.
Co-Authors Abadi, Fany Anggun Abdelaziz, Zineb Achmad Nurmandi Alimuddin, Sitti Zarina Binti Handana, Praba Satya Hayatunufus, Hayatunufus Muttaqien, Audi Izzat Sinambela, Stivani Ismawira Sitompul, Eiga Takdir Ali Mukti, Takdir Ali Tulus Warsito, Tulus Wibowo, Bromo Yudo Zulkarnain, Muhammad Fitrah