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All Journal Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Andalas Journal of International Studies Resolusi: Jurnal Sosial Politik
Sinambela, Stivani Ismawira
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Paradiplomacy Policies and Regional Autonomy in Indonesia and Korea Mukti, Takdir Ali; Fathun, Laode Muhammad; Muhammad, Ali; Sinambela, Stivani Ismawira; Riyanto, Sugeng
Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol 9, No 2 (2020): October
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jhi.v9i2.8931

Abstract

This analysis focuses on the paradiplomatic policies in Indonesia and Korea. The two countries have similar characteristics, namely as unitary state systems, and enacted regional autonomy in the same era, 1998s. This qualitative research aims to examine paradiplomatic types in both countries and why the policies are rationalized. The findings revealed that although both countries are unitary states, paradiplomatic activism runs in different types. Provinces and cities in Indonesia face many restrictions and limitations by national regulations, while regional governments in Korea have more discretions and authorities to practice paradiplomacy around the world. The research finding also portrayed several provinces in Indonesia instrumentalizing paradiplomacy as instruments to provide international recognitions related to self-determination, and this similar fact is not met in Korea. This paper argues that the different types of paradiplomatic policies in both countries are influenced by domestic political conditions and typically influenced by the presence or absence of regional movements.
Paradiplomacy Policies and Regional Autonomy in Indonesia and Korea Mukti, Takdir Ali; Fathun, Laode Muhammad; Muhammad, Ali; Sinambela, Stivani Ismawira; Riyanto, Sugeng
Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol 9, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jhi.v9i2.8931

Abstract

This analysis focuses on the paradiplomatic policies in Indonesia and Korea. The two countries have similar characteristics, namely as unitary state systems, and enacted regional autonomy in the same era, 1998s. This qualitative research aims to examine paradiplomatic types in both countries and why the policies are rationalized. The findings revealed that although both countries are unitary states, paradiplomatic activism runs in different types. Provinces and cities in Indonesia face many restrictions and limitations by national regulations, while regional governments in Korea have more discretions and authorities to practice paradiplomacy around the world. The research finding also portrayed several provinces in Indonesia instrumentalizing paradiplomacy as instruments to provide international recognitions related to self-determination, and this similar fact is not met in Korea. This paper argues that the different types of paradiplomatic policies in both countries are influenced by domestic political conditions and typically influenced by the presence or absence of regional movements.
The North Korea's Nuclear Threat: A Case Study of the Security Dilemma in East Asia Ardiyanti, Dwi; Sinambela, Stivani Ismawira
Resolusi: Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 7 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Political Science - Universitas Sains Al-Qur’an

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32699/resolusi.v7i2.7280

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the security dilemma of this concept when examining East Asian states' responses to North Korea's nuclear weapons. It is a concept of international relations, which advocates a state in which one country strengthens its national security while reducing the security of another country. North Korea's claim that its nuclear program is self-defense is a security dilemma, but the sole threat to its neighbor is sparking a response from East Asian nations. Under the threat of North Korean nuclear weapons, East Asian countries choose to ensure national security by enhancing military capabilities and strengthening military alliances. The method used in this study is qualitative. The results of this study suggest that the concept of security dilemma is a concept that can describe the responses of East Asian countries to North Korea's security dilemma. Responses by regional states such as China, South Korea, and Japan have led to increased military capabilities to protect their own countries in an attempt to maintain superpower alliances. The analysis of the case study can be demonstrated by implementing the factor dynamic Asian map of the security dilemma process of the case study, the response of East Asian countries to North Korea's nuclear weapons.
The North Korea's Nuclear Threat: A Case Study of the Security Dilemma in East Asia Ardiyanti, Dwi; Sinambela, Stivani Ismawira; Fitria, Nur Rahma
Resolusi: Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 7 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Political Science - Universitas Sains Al-Qur’an

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32699/resolusi.v7i2.7280

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the security dilemma of this concept when examining East Asian states' responses to North Korea's nuclear weapons. It is a concept of international relations, which advocates a state in which one country strengthens its national security while reducing the security of another country. North Korea's claim that its nuclear program is self-defense is a security dilemma, but the sole threat to its neighbor is sparking a response from East Asian nations. Under the threat of North Korean nuclear weapons, East Asian countries choose to ensure national security by enhancing military capabilities and strengthening military alliances. The method used in this study is qualitative. The results of this study suggest that the concept of security dilemma is a concept that can describe the responses of East Asian countries to North Korea's security dilemma. Responses by regional states such as China, South Korea, and Japan have led to increased military capabilities to protect their own countries in an attempt to maintain superpower alliances. The analysis of the case study can be demonstrated by implementing the factor dynamic Asian map of the security dilemma process of the case study, the response of East Asian countries to North Korea's nuclear weapons.
Leveraging Asymmetric Relations in Sister City Relationships Sinambela, Stivani Ismawira; Al-Fadhat, Faris; Mukti, Takdir Ali; Warsito, Tulus
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): Published in May 2025
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.14.1.15-31.2025

Abstract

This research analyzes the Sister City collaboration model that influences the success of economic cooperation between local governments. Sister City Relationship (SCR) is a form of subnational diplomacy that connects cities across countries through formal agreements, aiming to promote economic, cultural, and social cooperation. However, many SCR initiatives remain symbolic and fail to generate tangible benefits. This study proposes a more strategic approach by examining how asymmetry between cities can enhance economic cooperation. The theoretical framework adopts an asymmetric approach, arguing that mutual compatibility can emerge from unequal relationships. Compatibility is operationalized through indicators such as: (1) Area, (2) Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and (3) Human Development Index (HDI), which reflect the economic and developmental capacity of a city or region. A coupling model is used to categorize relationships into Big-Small and Small-Big pairings, referring respectively to partnerships where a big Local Cities collaborates with a smaller Foreign Cities, and vice versa. These asymmetric configurations are found to be more effective than symmetrical pairings, which often struggle with overlapping interests and lack of reciprocity. Empirical findings based on selected SCR cases in Indonesia such as Bandung, Surabaya and Medan, shows that coupling cities with complementary resources, rather than equal status, enables more dynamic and outcome-driven engagements. The study offers both theoretical and practical contribution for designing more strategic and resource-based asymmetric relations.
Co-Authors Al-Fadhat, Faris Ali Muhammad Ardiyanti, Dwi Fitria, Nur Rahma Laode Muhammad Fathun, Laode Luh Putu Ratna Sundari Maemonah, Maemonah Sugeng Riyanto Takdir Ali Mukti, Takdir Ali Tulus Warsito, Tulus