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All Journal Babali Nursing Research Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Sudarmono, Pratiwi Pudjilestari
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Aerospace Engineering Computer Science & IT Health Professions Neuroscience Nursing Social Sciences

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Interaction of Oral Microbiota and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children: A Narrative Review Maharsi, Eri Dian; Sudarmono, Pratiwi Pudjilestari; Mukhtar, Diniwati; Fadilah , Fadilah
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v5i5.51180

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM T1) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is common in children and adolescents, characterized by damage to cells β pancreas that leads to absolute insulin deficiency. This condition contributes to metabolic disorders, immune dysfunction, and an imbalance of the body's microbiota, including the oral microbiota. The oral cavity as one of the important microbiota ecosystems, plays a central role in maintaining local and systemic health. In children with T1 DM, oral dysbiosis is often found and is associated with an increased risk of periodontal disease and caries. This literature review aims to understand the interaction between oral microbiota and T1 DM in children, by highlighting changes in microbiota composition, their impact on oral and systemic health, and the potential for microbiota-based therapeutic interventions. Discussion. Commensal microbes in the oral cavity play a role in maintaining the homeostasis of the oral environment. However, in the DM T1 condition, there is an increase in pathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia (P. Intermedia) and Fusobacterium nucleatum that trigger periodontal inflammation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6). This can worsen the regulation of glucose metabolism and increase susceptibility to infection. An overview of clinical manifestations due to dysbiosis that occur in the form of gingivitis, periodontitis, xerostomia, oral candidiasis, and delayed wound healing. Conclusions, The reciprocal interactions between the oral microbiota and T1 DM reflect the complex relationship between dysbiosis, inflammation, and immune dysregulation.
NGS-Based Insights into the Oral Microbiome and Glycemic Control in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review Maharsi, Eri Dian; Sudarmono, Pratiwi Pudjilestari; Mukhtar, Diniwati; Fadilah, Fadilah
Babali Nursing Research Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Babali Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37363/bnr.2025.64513

Abstract

Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in children is associated with significant alterations in the oral microbiome that can influence glycemic control and oral health. This study aimed to synthesize current evidence on the composition of the oral microbiome in children with T1DM using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and its association with glycemic parameters. Methods: A structured literature review was conducted on studies published between 2020 and 2025 that utilized 16S rRNA sequencing to compare the oral microbiome of children with T1DM and healthy controls. Results: Across the included studies, dysbiosis was consistently observed, characterized by increased pathogenic taxa (Prevotella, Veillonella) and decreased protective genera (Streptococcus), which correlated with elevated HbA1c levels and poor metabolic control. These findings suggest that hyperglycemia-driven shifts in the oral microbiome may exacerbate inflammation and oral disease risk, potentially forming a bidirectional relationship between glycemic regulation and microbial imbalance. Conclusion: Oral microbiome profiling shows promise as a non-invasive indicator of glycemic status in children with T1DM. Further standardized, longitudinal studies in local populations, particularly in Indonesia, are recommended to validate these findings and support the integration of oral microbiome monitoring into pediatric diabetes management.
Co-Authors Diniwati Mukhtar Fadilah , Fadilah Fadilah Fadilah, Fadilah Maharsi, Eri Dian