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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering International Journal of Supply Chain Management
Ahmad, Azizah
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Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Transportation

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THE APPLICATION OF SYSTEM THINKING FOR FIRM SUPPLY CHAIN SUSTAINABILITY: THE CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ICEBERG PROBLEM SOLVING TOOL (IPST) Al-Homery, Hussein Abdou; Ashari, Hasbullah; Ahmad, Azizah
International Journal of Supply Chain Management Vol 8, No 6 (2019): International Journal of Supply Chain Management (IJSCM)
Publisher : International Journal of Supply Chain Management

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (400.761 KB)

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide academics and practitioners theoretical, and conceptual framework of the Iceberg Problem Solving Tool ?IPST? as a generic problem-solving tool for an effective supply chain management process. This leverages Organizational learning, organizational culture and corporate knowledge in implementing changes. The ?IPST? is the moderator between the supply chain business process re-engineering of the process changes and systems thinking approach for improvement.Design/Methodology/approach: A theoretical framework is developed from the systems thinking literature; linking integrated system thinking to firm supply chain sustainability. Theoretical versus practical integrated thinking approaches are applied to contrast the rigid management of sustainability with a model that focuses on relationships and broader indicators of societal supply chain business dynamic issues. Illustrations of the conceptualized framework are presented for discussion and for further empirical research.Findings: The (IPST) the Iceberg Problem Solving Tools is a practical tool for the current repetitive events in complex business environments of the supply chain. The tool helps the business management, in seeing the entire effects of the pining emerging events within the firm's supply chain business process; where small changes in the leverage points of the chain business processes or system process lead to tremendous results in the performance of the firm?s supply chain.Practical implications: Potential firms supply chain crises can arise if the daily business events are not well analyzed this will impact the root causes; by taking the right actions for the right causes of the business events to avoid management quick win failures. The implemented action taken will occur by placing the triggers of the supply chain events in its original form; within the main workflow process; this will have the effect of implementing the best results of the ?IPST? in any supply chain business scenarios. Routines and practices will be based on cross-function process analysis through the whole system flow chart diagram of the supply chain to avoid the pain points of the business events.Originality/value: Within theoretical roots in systems thinking, this paper contributes to the relatively unexplored area of the iceberg model of the system thinking tools as a practical business problem-solving tool; for the complexity of the supply chain business events.Keywords: System thinking, Iceberg model, Flow Chart, Macro Cross functions, Critical Thinking, Supply Chain events, business process reengineering, business problem-solving.
Artificial neural networks classification of s-band absorption performance in eco-friendly microwave absorbers Ahmad, Azizah; Taib, Mohd Nasir; Abdullah, Hasnain; Ismail, Nurlaila; Yassin, Ahmad Ihsan Mohd; Mohd Kasim, Linda; Mohamad Noor, Norhayati
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 1: February 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i1.pp1007-1014

Abstract

Microwave absorbers are essential for applications such as radar stealth and electromagnetic compatibility. Nevertheless, traditional materials encounter obstacles related to cost and sustainability, which has led to the exploration of new options such as materials derived from agricultural waste. This study focuses on the classification challenge of evaluating the absorption performance of eco-friendly microwave absorbers in the S-band (2 to 4 GHz) frequency. Three multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithms, namely levenberg marquardt (LM), resilient backpropagation (RBP) and scale conjugate gradient (SCG) are assessed for classification accuracy. The dataset consists of 135 absorption performance values of microwave absorbers that were taken from experimental measurements using the naval research laboratory (NRL) arch free. The MLP algorithms will be divided into three divisions, which are training, validation and testing, evaluating important criteria such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity. The performance of three types of algorithms will be compared using two basic inputs: the absorption values and the single slot sizes. The RBP algorithm achieved 100% accuracy, and a lower mean squared error (MSE) of 0.02500 compared to the LM and SCG. This study provides valuable insights for designing better microwave absorbers and highlights the commercial potential of agricultural waste materials in such applications.
Pyramidal microwave absorbers: leveraging ceramic materials for improved electromagnetic interference shielding Rosli, Nur Shafikah; Abdullah, Hasnain; Kasim, Linda Mohd; Abdullah, Samihah; Taib, Mohd Nasir; Kasim, Shafaq Mardhiyana Mohamat; Noor, Norhayati Mohd; Ahmad, Azizah
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 1: February 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i1.pp435-447

Abstract

This study presents the development and optimization of pyramidal microwave absorbers designed for efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) reduction in anechoic chambers. Based on prior research, this work transitions from conventional flat cement-carbon absorbers to a novel pyramidal design, incorporating silicon carbide (SiC) as ceramic materials. Introducing ceramic materials into the cement-carbon composite aims to enhance absorption across a broader frequency range while maintaining structural integrity. The study evaluates five sets of pyramidal absorbers with varying SiC content within the 1–12 GHz frequency range. Reflectivity performance was assessed using the naval research laboratory (NRL) Arch free space method at a 0° incidence angle. Among the tested absorbers, the set containing 10% SiC demonstrated superior performance, achieving minimum and maximum reflectivity values of -26.6215 and -55.2752 dB, respectively, particularly in the C-band. The findings highlight the significant impact of material composition and porosity on the absorber's effectiveness, providing valuable insights for the future design of high-performance EMI absorbers.
Investigation of microwave absorption performance of anti-radiation plastic cement brick Kasim, Linda Mohd; Idris, Hasnain Abdullah; Taib, Mohd Nasir; Noor, Norhayati Mohamad; Ahmad, Azizah; Ismail, Noor Azila; Kasim, Nazirah Mohamat; Anuar, Nur Qaisarah
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 3: June 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i3.pp2900-2910

Abstract

The increasing demand for effective anti-microwave radiation materials motivates the exploration of sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. This research investigates the microwave absorption properties of various brick compositions, including commercial brick (CB) and solid bricks (SB1, SB2 and SB3) incorporating recycled materials, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA). The dimension of the developed brick is 200×100×60 mm (length×width×height). The absorption performance of the bricks was measured in 100 mm and 60 mm thickness across the frequency range of 1 to 12 GHz using the naval research laboratory (NRL) free space arch method. At 100 mm thickness, SB3 shows the highest absorption up to-32.2061 dB at 1.98 GHz. At 60 mm thickness, SB1 achieved the maximum absorption at -57.6511 dB at 2.505 GHz. SB2 shows consistent average absorption performance at 15.2064 dB at 100 mm thickness and -19.5 dB at 60 mm thickness respectively. The compressive strength of the brick was measured, and it was shown that SB2 exhibited the highest average compressive strength of 7.17 MPa. Considering the standard wall thickness and brick strength, SB2 shows the most effective performance due to its enhanced composition and consistent performance across frequencies.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Hasnain Abdullah, Samihah Al-Homery, Hussein Abdou Anuar, Nur Qaisarah Ashari, Hasbullah Idris, Hasnain Abdullah Ismail, Noor Azila Ismail, Nurlaila Kasim, Linda Mohd Kasim, Nazirah Mohamat Kasim, Shafaq Mardhiyana Mohamat Mohamad Noor, Norhayati Mohd Kasim, Linda Mohd Nasir Taib Noor, Norhayati Mohamad Noor, Norhayati Mohd Rosli, Nur Shafikah Yassin, Ahmad Ihsan Mohd