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All Journal Jurnal Jatiswara Mataram Journal of International Law
Guna Nugraha, Lalu
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Humanities Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Penerapan Prinsip Responsibility To Protect (RtoP) Sebagai Bentuk Perlindungan Penduduk Sipil Dalam Konflik Bersenjata Guna Nugraha, Lalu
JATISWARA Vol. 35 No. 1 (2020): Jatiswara
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jtsw.v35i1.227

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjawab permasalahan hukum yaitu: pertama, apakah pertimbangan faktual yang relevan bagi penerapan prinsip Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) di Suriah; kedua, bagaimana kedudukan prinsip Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) di dalam hukum internasional dan legitimasinya untuk diterapkan di dalam konflik bersenjata di Suriah; serta institusi apakah yang relevan untuk mengimplementasikan prinsip Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) di Suriah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif berdasarkan kerangka hukum internasional. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach), pendekatan kasus (case approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Dari hasil pengamatan, penulis menyimpulkan: pertama, bahwa telah terjadi kejahatan internasional selama terjadinya konflik bersenjata di Suriah; kedua, RtoP merupakan norma yang diterima oleh hampir seluruh negara di dunia, dan di dalam penerapannya harus memenuhi kriteria-kriteria yang jelas serta mengutamakan cara-cara damai, dan apabila dengan cara-cara damai belum berhasil, maka masyarakat internasional harus mempersiapkan langkah yang lebih kuat, termasuk penggunaan langkah terakhir (last resort), berupa intervensi militer melalui DK PBB; ketiga, aktor intervensi yang relevan perlu juga dilihat dengan pendekatan bottom-up, antara lain: Liga Arab, yang juga harus didukung oleh aktor-aktor pendukung; Negara-negara Berkembang; Organisasi Independen; Komunitas HAM; Media; Institusi Swasta Kemanusiaan serta Institusi Swasta lainnya.
The Urgency of Adopting the Norma Convention on Cybercrime in Amendment to Law No 11 of 2008 Concerning Electronic Information. Seviadian Permadi, Sevia Dian Rianita; Risna, Muh; Guna Nugraha, Lalu
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/majil.v1i2.3265

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the urgency of adopting the Convention on Cybercrime in changing Law no. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions focuses on forms of legal protection against cybercrime before and after the passage of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE) and the urgency for ratification of The Convention on Cybercrime in Indonesia. In this study using a type of normative research. Based on the results of this study it is known that the Urgency of Adopting the Convention on Cybercrime in Amending Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, especially the form of legal protection against cybercrime before and after the passage of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law and the urgency of ratifying The Convention on Cybercrime in Indonesia, so that in cases of cybercrime or Cybercrime in Indonesia. Based on the provisions of the Convention on Cybercrime, cybercrime offenses are generally regulated in the convention. However, every country is given the opportunity to develop and adapt to the needs of that country without putting aside the interests of the international community. Therefore, the law used is neutral, and the form of punishment regulated in the Convention on Cybercrime is a minimum standard provision. If adopted,The urgency of adopting the norms of the Convention on Cybercrime in changing Law no. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions is to complement the weaknesses of the Act regarding international cooperation.This of course can make it easier for the Indonesian government to tackle cyber crime through international cooperation mechanisms.
The Legal Force of the International Court of Justice Decision on the Appeals Dispute: (Case Study: ICJ Decision No. 173 on the Appeals Dispute between Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and the UAE versus Qatar) Hafina Haula Arsy; Risnain, Muh; Guna Nugraha, Lalu
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/majil.v1i2.3663

Abstract

The Statute of the International Court of Justice does not include provisions regarding the authority or jurisdiction of the International Court to handle appellate cases. However, in practice, the International Court of Justice has issued judgments on appeals related to the ICAO Council's jurisdiction in disputes over flight restrictions in Qatar imposed by Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aims to analyze the nature of decisions related to these appellate disputes. The research methodology employed is normative research with a legislative, conceptual, and case study approach. The findings of this research indicate that decisions on appellate cases are deemed final and binding as stipulated in Article 60 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice and Article 86 of the Chicago Convention, and the obligation of UN member states to comply with the judgments of the International Court of Justice is regulated in Article 94 of the United Nations Charter.
APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF COMMON BUT DIFFERENTIATED RESPONSIBILITIES IN FULFILLING STATE OBLIGATIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE UNDER THE PARIS AGREEMENT ON THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE Ida Ayu Dampaty Anja Anjani; Zunnuraeni; Guna Nugraha, Lalu
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/majil.v2i1.3989

Abstract

Climate change is now an international issue as it affects nations around the world. The Paris Agreement 2015 was established as a form of countries' efforts to reduce climate change. This research aims to find out the application of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in the Paris Agreement and its implementation in Indonesian law as a developing country. The research method used is the normative research method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The research results determined that the application of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in the Paris Agreement is based on a bottom-up approach. The approach gives the authority to determine targets for each country through the formation of nationally determined contributions containing action plans that will be implemented by a country within the next five years to realize the goals of the Paris Agreement. In its implementation in Indonesian national law, the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities is applied through the NDC which is then realized in several regulations governing capacity building, economic growth, and adaptation and mitigation.
STATE RESPONSIBILITY IN THE DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC AREA (Case Study on Japanas Disposal of Nuclear Waste in Fukushima Waters) Annisa Raudlatul Rahmah; Risnain, Muh; Guna Nugraha, Lalu
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/majil.v2i1.4135

Abstract

This research aims to find out and examine Japan's responsibility for disposing of radioactive waste in the waters of the Asia Pacific region and to find out and understand the steps that the IAEA should take in resolving the disposal of radioactive waste in the waters of the Asia Pacific region by Japan. This research method uses a type of normative legal research, namely by taking a conceptual approach and a case approach. The actions taken by Japan give rise to responsibilities that must be fulfilled because they violate obligations in several principles and provisions of international law. Actions in disposing of radioactive by Japan have received approval from the IAEA because the level or content of radioactive waste disposed of by Japan is still classified as safe as per the results of laboratory research carried out by TEPCO and the IAEA.
THE LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF A PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANY (PMC) IN AN INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT UNDER HUMANITARIAN LAW Lalu Nahudatu Akbariman; Zunnuraeni; Guna Nugraha, Lalu
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/majil.v2i1.4147

Abstract

The existence of Private Military Company (PMC) in most contemporary armed conflicts as a non-participant has raised the legal question regarding the status and legal standing of PMC. This research aims to analyze the legal position and determine the legal responsibility of PMC in international armed conflicts according to Humanitarian Law. The research employed a normative legal research method, utilizing international treaties, national legislation, and international customary law as the basis. The findings reveal that, under international law, the PMC is not a party legally authorized to engage in armed conflicts. The legal responsibility of the PMC for crimes in violation of international humanitarian law and human rights can be attributed to both civil responsibility and criminal responsibility for war crimes, based on the principle of corporate criminal responsibility. However, the non-recognition of PMC as subjects of international law means that PMCs cannot be held criminally liable under international law. Therefore, the existence of humanitarian law in the national legal system paves the way for the criminal prosecution of PMC as a company.
Co-Authors Annisa Raudlatul Rahmah Hafina Haula Arsy Ida Ayu Dampaty Anja Anjani Lalu Nahudatu Akbariman Muh. Risnain Permadi, Sevia Dian Rianita Risna, Muh Zunnuraeni