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Journal : Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

Incremental learning based fuzzy reasoning approach for diagnosis of thyroid disease Ramanath, Thirumalaimuthu Thirumalaiappan; Hossen, Md. Jakir
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i4.9140

Abstract

This paper presents a novel hybrid fuzzy logic approach for the classification of thyroid disease. Hybrid fuzzy logic approaches have brought many benefits to the medical data classification problems such as reasoning on uncertain or incomplete data. The machine learning algorithms had been used with the fuzzy expert systems to define the fuzzy rule base. The optimization techniques had been used in the fuzzy expert systems for optimizing the fuzzy membership functions and fuzzy rules. Enhancing the machine learning algorithms and optimization techniques that are integrated with the fuzzy logic method can improve the overall performance of the fuzzy expert system. To deal with the curse of dimensionality problem and to enhance the integration of machine learning algorithm and fuzzy logic method, this paper presents an incremental learning based parallel fuzzy reasoning system (IL-PFRS) for medical diagnosis. In this research work, the decision tree classifier is used to extract the features from dataset. IL-PFRS is applied to classify the thyroid disease which is serious disease that needs attention and earlier detection. The thyroid disease dataset obtained from the UCI machine learning repository is used in this research work where the IL-PFRS showed the classification accuracy of 99% when testing using this dataset.
Real-time object detection and XAI-based activation map visualization using YOLOv8s Yusof, Ashaari; Hishamuddin, Muhammad; Hossen, Md. Jakir
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 15, No 2: April 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v15i2.9765

Abstract

This study introduced a methodology for real-time object detection and interpretability using YOLOv8s, trained on the MS common objects in context (COCO) dataset. The system captured live webcam footage, processes frames resized to 640×384, and applies YOLOv8s to detect objects with bounding boxes, labels, and confidence scores. YOLOv8s architecture comprising a CSPDarknet53-based backbone, neck, and head ensures efficient feature extraction and accurate detection. To enhance model transparency, activation map generation is implemented by attaching forward hooks to intermediate convolutional layers. Feature maps are captured during the forward pass, averaged, normalized, and resized to match the original image dimensions. This visualization highlights regions influencing the model’s predictions, aligning with explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) principles. Experimental results demonstrate high detection accuracy and effective interpretability in indoor environments, making the framework suitable for robotics applications requiring both precision and transparency. The proposed method offers a practical and explainable solution for real-time scene understanding in intelligent systems.