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Indonesian Children Protection against Commercial Sexual Exploitation through Siri Marriage Practices in Maqashid Al-Shariah Perspective Disemadi, Hari Sutra; Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin; Yusro, Mochammad Abizar
Brawijaya Law Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Contemporary Legal Issue in Children and Women Protection
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.blj.2020.007.02.04

In Indonesia, the development of the mode of commercial sexual exploitation of children has been carried out through the practice of siri marriage. Children who are vulnerable to sexual exploitation due to lack of literacy in children, economic conditions of the family, and because of the environment and social status. The study aims to examine the protection of children against commercial sexual exploitation through the siri marriage mode from the Maqashid Al-Shariah perspective. This research uses normative juridical research methods with the statutory approach and conceptual approach. This research shows that siri marriage based on Islamic law is permissible if it meets the requirements of marriage, but based on Indonesian national law, siri marriage is prohibited if the purpose is to obtain material benefits for parents or the party to marry off children at an early age. Siri marriage can be used as a criminal offense if done against a child. Whereas in the Maqashid Al-Shariah perspective, marriage with children through siri marriage is legal or permissible. However, the marriage will only produce part of the purpose of marriage, while other objectives in perspective Maqashid Al-Sharia tend to be ignored because early marriage is prone to psychological problems and lack of skills in the family. As a result, marriage is considered to have the risk of giving birth to a bad thing in the family which can reduce the noble values which are the main mission of Islam.

Perlindungan Hukum Keputusan Bisnis Direksi BUMN Melalui Business Judgement Rule Doctrine Disemadi, Hari Sutra; Yusro, Mochammad Abizar; Shaleh, Ali Ismail
Jurnal Jurisprudence Vol 10, No 1 (2020): Vol. 10, No. 1, Juni 2020
Publisher : Muhammadiyah University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jurisprudence.v10i1.11006

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap keputusan bisnis Direksi BUMN yang dikriminalisasi akibat keputusan bisnis tersebut merugikan keuangan negara. Metodologi: Penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang mengedepankan pada data sekunder. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual.Temuan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada Direksi BUMN dalam mengambil keputusan bisnisnya dapat berupa hak imunitas, yang mana dengan hak ini seorang Direksi BUMN dapat terlepas dari pertanggungjawaban pidana apabila Direksi tersebut dapat membuktikan bahwa keputusan bisnis yang telah diambil dan dijalankan telah sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip bisnis yang layak (business judgement rule) sesuai ketentuan yang termuat dalam Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas.Kegunaan: Hasil penelitian ini dimaksudkan agar dapat berkontribusi dalam literatur mengenai perlindungan hukum bagi keputusan bisnis Direksi BUMN yang telah dikriminalisasi.Kebaruan/Orisinalitas: Berbeda dengan penelitian terdahulu, pada penelitian ini menunjukkan business judgment rule doctrine dapat dipergunakan untuk menlindungi keputusan bisnis Direksi BUMN yang merugikan negara dan penelitian ini berfokus pada perlindungan hukum keputusan bisnis Direksi BUMN setelah adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor No. 48/PUU-XI/2013 dan 62/PUU-XI/2013.Â Â

Shareholders Lawsuit: Fraud on Minority Law Enforcement to Invent Corrective Justice During the Covid-19 Yusro, Mochammad Abizar
Law Research Review Quarterly Vol 8 No 1 (2022): Various Legal Issues and Its Complexity to Global Perspective
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lrrq.v8i1.54473

The purpose of this study is to analyse and provide recommendations for national law, related to law enforcement in violations against minorities (fraud on minorities) shareholders to create corrective justice during the covid-19 period. Minority Shareholders are a group that is classified as vulnerable to actions that can result in losses. For this reason, law enforcement efforts against Minority Shareholder fraud are needed, to provide legal protection and recovery of losses in order to create corrective justice. This research method is descriptive by using the type of juridical-normative research. The type of approach used is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study describe the rights of shareholders given by laws and regulations, which can be used to carry out legal remedies based on corrective justice when fraud is on a minority. The legal effort began with a shareholder lawsuit consisting of two mechanisms, namely derivative action and direct action from shareholders which has been accommodated in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies. However, this effort is commonly used and has several weaknesses, one of which is the absence of specification rules related to the procedures for implementing it.

Implementation of Indirect Evidence on Tender Conspiracy in The Construction Services: How to Prove it? Yusro, Mochammad Abizar; Hakimah , Arista Salsabila; Edeline, Aurora
Indonesia Law Reform Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): March, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/ilrej.v4i1.32741

In the current government era, the focus on infrastructure development is carried out to increase competitiveness on a national and international scale. Tthe realisation of the infrastructure budget in 2021 reached IDR 402.8 trillion, growing 31.1% compared to 2020. However, it is not uncommon for irregularities to occur in preparing and implementing infrastructure development, one of which is a tender conspiracy in the construction services sector. Difficult proof becomes an obstacle in law enforcement regarding business competition. Therefore, this research focuses on implementing indirect evidence in the construction services sector to sanction violations of business competition aspects in Indonesia. This research is descriptive and uses normative juridical research. The statutory approach (statute approach) and conceptual approach (conceptual approach) are used, supported by the secondary data divided into primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The secondary data was obtained through library research collection techniques and then analysed qualitatively. The results of this study prove that indirect evidence can be used to confirm that the respondent was found guilty of tender conspiracy, indicating the practice of unfair business competition. The respondent is subject to administrative sanctions to provide a deterrent effect so as not to repeat the violation. Abstrak Pada era pemerintahan saat ini berfokus pada pembangunan infrastruktur dilakukan untuk meningkatkan daya saing di skala nasional maupun internasional. Realisasi anggaran infrastruktur tahun 2021 mencapai Rp 402,8 triliun, tumbuh 31,1% dibandingkan tahun 2020. Akan tetapi, tidak jarang penyimpangan dalam proses persiapan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan infrastruktur, salah satunya adalah terjadi persekongkolan tender di sektor jasa konstruksi. Pembuktian yang sulit menjadi hambatan dalam penegakan hukum dalam aspek persaingan usaha. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini berfokus pada implementasi pembuktian tidak langsung (indirect evidence) di sektor jasa konstruksi, guna memberikan sanksi pada pelanggaran aspek persaingan usaha di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif. Jenis pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statue approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach). Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang terbagi atas bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier. Data sekunder tersebut diperoleh melalui teknik pengumpulan studi kepustakaan (library research), yang kemudian data dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa indirect evidence dapat digunakan untuk membuktikan termohon dinyatakan bersalah atas pelanggaran persekongkolangan tender, dalam praktik persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Adapun termohon dikenakan sanksi administratif untuk memberikan efek jera agar tidak melakukan pelanggaran tersebut kembali.

Pengaturan Mekanisme Gugatan Derivatif Oleh Pemegang Saham Sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Perseroan Terbatas Terhadap Perbuatan Direksi Yang Merugikan Yusro, Mochammad Abizar; Sihabudin; Kusumadewi, Amelia Sri
Warkat Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): Desember
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/warkat.v2n2.5

This research studies the issue regarding the urging regulation of the mechanism of derivative action performed by a shareholder as a measure to protect a limited liability company from any disadvantaging conduct done by the company director, which is only governed in one article in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Company, and there is no specific regulation concerning trial procedures at court. The legal issue regarding the norm incompleteness serves as the basis of this study. This study employed normative law research, statutory, and conceptual approaches. Primary secondary, and tertiary legal materials were analyzed using descriptive analyses, grammatical, systematic, and teleological interpretations. These interpretation techniques aim to identify and determine the content and the meaning of the legal provision regarding the regulation of the derivative action mechanism by a shareholder to protect the company from the advantaging director. This study delved into the answer to this problem through several perspectives such as philosophical, juridical, sociological, economic, and historical perspectives. This study also delved into the logical fallacy commonly happening in earlier studies on derivative action and elaborates on the liability of the director regarding his/her disadvantaging action, while the director is given the fiduciary duty to take care of the company. This liability is also seen from fiduciary parameters such as the duty of good faith, the duty of loyalty, and the duty of care andseveral corporate doctrines such as piercing of the corporate veil, ultra vires, and self-dealing. The derivative action as the liability held by the director is believed to facilitate recovery and provide compensation for the company.

Permanent Sovereignty vs. International Obligations Simbolon, Putu George Matthew; Yusro, Mochammad Abizar; Taniady, Vicko
Lentera Hukum Vol 11 No 2 (2024): LENTERA HUKUM
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ejlh.v11i2.43342

This research analyses Indonesia's policies related to downstreaming and restrictions on raw nickel exports that have caused international debate, especially the European Union which complained against Indonesia to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Dispute Settlement 592 (DS-592). The study explores Indonesia's position as a WTO member that is being questioned for its policy of banning nickel ore exports to the European Union, and examines the DS-592 ruling in relation to the permanent sovereignty debate. This article uses a normative juridical method with doctrinal, comparative, and case approaches. The results show that Indonesia has permanent sovereignty over its nickel ore guaranteed by UN Resolution 1803. Therefore, Indonesia must exercise this sovereignty with due regard to international obligations. Indonesia should learn from China's export regulations as it prioritises export restriction policies rather than export bans. By applying China's approach, Indonesia can prevent the problems that occurred in DS 592. However, a series of nickel downstream policies implemented by Indonesia have violated the provisions of the WTO Agreement. This article also explains that the vacuum of the Appellate Body does not negate the EU's authority to retaliate against Indonesia. This article concludes that Indonesia must implement a policy determining the percentage of downstream nickel ore, as well as nickel ore that will be exported. This conclusion has resulted in the theoretical idea that no sovereignty can be exercised in violation of the country's international obligations. Thus, each country must be able to establish policies that can balance national interests with international obligations. KEYWORDS: Export Restrictions, International Obligations, Nickel Ore, Soverignty, WTO.

Indonesian Children Protection against Commercial Sexual Exploitation through Siri Marriage Practices in Maqashid Al-Shariah Perspective Disemadi, Hari Sutra; Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin; Yusro, Mochammad Abizar
Brawijaya Law Journal Vol. 7 No. 2 (2020): Contemporary Legal Issue in Children and Women Protection
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.blj.2020.007.02.04

In Indonesia, the development of the mode of commercial sexual exploitation of children has been carried out through the practice of siri marriage. Children who are vulnerable to sexual exploitation due to lack of literacy in children, economic conditions of the family, and because of the environment and social status. The study aims to examine the protection of children against commercial sexual exploitation through the siri marriage mode from the Maqashid Al-Shariah perspective. This research uses normative juridical research methods with the statutory approach and conceptual approach. This research shows that siri marriage based on Islamic law is permissible if it meets the requirements of marriage, but based on Indonesian national law, siri marriage is prohibited if the purpose is to obtain material benefits for parents or the party to marry off children at an early age. Siri marriage can be used as a criminal offense if done against a child. Whereas in the Maqashid Al-Shariah perspective, marriage with children through siri marriage is legal or permissible. However, the marriage will only produce part of the purpose of marriage, while other objectives in perspective Maqashid Al-Sharia tend to be ignored because early marriage is prone to psychological problems and lack of skills in the family. As a result, marriage is considered to have the risk of giving birth to a bad thing in the family which can reduce the noble values which are the main mission of Islam.

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