Articles
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP IKAN HIU DAN IKAN PARI UNTUK MENJAGA KESEIMBANGAN EKOSISTEM LAUT INDONESIA
Aditya, Zaka Firma;
Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin
Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Vol 24, No 2 (2016): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Muhammadiyah Malang
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DOI: 10.22219/jihl.v24i2.4273
The population of sharks and rays in Indonesia threatened with extinction. Based on the findings of WWF Indonesia that there are at least 10 million sharks caught in Indonesian waters each year for commercial purposes. Urgency of protection against sharks and stingrays are not only conservation activities related to efforts to save species of marine animals from extinction, but also related to global environmental issues. Until this time there has been no regulation of the Indonesian government, which specifically provides protection to the conservation of sharks and rays in Indonesia’s marine waters. In this paper, the author will discuss two findings. First, the lack of regulations that provide legal protection to sharks and stingrays from illegal fishing activity. Secondly, there are two efforts can be made by the government, repressive and preventive measures. A repressive measure carried out by law enforcement with a very heavy sanction the perpetrators of fishing of sharks and stingrays. Preventive efforts done by making shark conservation areas and through education and awareness to the community.
STATE LIABILITY FOR VIOLATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS AGAINST INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND BELIEF
Aditya, Zaka Firma;
Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin
Brawijaya Law Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Constitutional Issues and Indigenous Rights
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.blj.2017.004.01.02
The government is perceived as the main perpetrator on violations of freedom of religion and belief in Indonesia. As the state organizer, the government frequently issues discriminatory regulations and policies and tend to cause intolerance to minority religions and beliefs, particularly to indigenous peoples. While freedom of religion or belief is a constitutional rights that cannot be reduced and is guaranteed universally in constitution and laws, the law provides limitation that causes ambiguity in the fulfillment of the rights of religion and belief. In addition, the government mindset still adheres to the term of "official religion" and "non-official religion" in any policy-making, causing adherents of minority religions and beliefs to be considered as cultural heritage to be preserved. This creates injustice, discrimination, intimidation and intolerance in rights fulfillment in state and society life. This paper discusses the existence of the guarantee of freedom of religion and belief for indigenous people and state liability for violations of freedom of religion and belief. This research used normative juridical method with statute approach and conceptual approach.
IMPLEMENTASI PARLIAMENTARY THRESHOLD DALAM PEMILIHAN ANGGOTA DPRD PROVINSI DAN DPRD KABUPATEN/KOTA
Fatih, Sholahuddin al
Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Islam Vol 6, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : IAIN Tulungagung
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DOI: 10.21274/ahkam.2018.6.2.363-388
Indonesia has held election since 1955. In several periods of election, there were changes of regulation. One of them is about Parliamentary Threshold. As known, Parliamentary Threshold has been applied in Indonesia in elections period of 2009 by 2.5%. In the 2014 elections, parliamentary threshold changed into 3.5% and did not apply nationally. In accordance to the mandate of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 52/PUU-X/2012, the parliamentary threshold applies only to count the number of a legitimate votes political party in the House of Representative (DPR). In election period of 2019, Parliamentary Threshold was increased to 4% and applies only to count the number of a legitimate votes political party in the House of Representative (DPR).Thus, at the level for Local House of Representative of Provincial DPRD and Regency/City DPRD shall not apply the provisions of the Parliamentary Threshold. This situation led to many political parties to parliament, which can be ineffectiveness of local government performance. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate Parliamentary Threshold to apply equitable parliamentary elections in Provincial DPRD and Regency/City DPRD and also the fair percentage of Parliamentary Threshold to create effective governance performance and simple multi-party system in region.Keywords: Implementation, Parliamentary Threshold, Election for Members of Provincial DPRD and Regency/City DPRD
Fostering as an Alternative Sanction for Juveniles in the Perspective of Child Protection in Indonesia
Erdianti, Ratri Novita;
Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin
JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies) Vol 4 No 1 (2019): Penal Policy and The Development of Criminal Law Enforcement
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang
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DOI: 10.15294/jils.v4i01.29315
Crimes committed by juveniles today continue to grow, as well as various law enforcement approaches. Juveniles as legal subjects have special attention not only in matters of children’s rights but also in the punishment of children. Various crimes committed by juveniles occur a lot and lead to no longer what is called juvenile delinquency, but a serious crime. The Child Protection Act and the Child Criminal Justice System Law explicitly regulate the protection of children’s rights in the context of human rights. Fostering sanctions for juveniles are one of the ways that are encouraged compared to providing severe criminal sanctions, while here another criminal law is a double-edged sword and ultimum remedium. This paper examines efforts to guide children as an alternative sanction in juvenile criminal law. Studies in this paper include studies of Child Criminal Law, Criminal Law, Human Rights, and the Law on Child Protection.
MODEL PENGUJIAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN SATU ATAP MELALUI MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI
Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin
Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Vol 25, No 2 (2017): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Muhammadiyah Malang
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DOI: 10.22219/jihl.v25i2.6005
Post-reform of the role of judicial institution is run by two institutions namely the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court. The duties and authorities of the two institutions are regulated in the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945 and the act that addresses the three institutions more specifically. Several powers possessed by the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, one of them is the authority to judicial review. The Constitutional Court is authorized to review the act on the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945, while the Supreme Court is authorized to review under the Act on the above legislation.The unfairness of the regulatory testing function is feared to trigger bureaucratic inefficiency. Based on data released by the Supreme Court Clerk, it was recorded during 2016 that the Supreme Court received 18,514 cases, including the Hak Uji Materi (HUM) subject to legislation under the Act. While the number of cases of judicial review of the Constitutional Court in 2016-2017 amounted to only 332 cases. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a bureaucratic reform and provide new ideas related to the model of one court of judicial review in Indonesia. So that in this paper will be discussed deeply about problematic of judicial review in Indonesia and the authority of the Constitutional Court to review the act under one roof with SIJURI mechanism.
PERBANDINGAN SISTEM HUKUM COMMON LAW, CIVIL LAW DAN ISLAMIC LAW DALAM PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH DAN KARAKTERISTIK BERPIKIR
Aulia, Farihan;
Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin
Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Vol 25, No 1 (2017): Maret
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Muhammadiyah Malang
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DOI: 10.22219/jihl.v25i1.5993
The legal system or commonly referred to as the legal tradition, has a wealth of scientific treasures that can be examined in more depth through a holistic and comprehensive comparative process. Exactly, the comparison of the legal system must accommodate at least three legal systems that are widely used by countries in the world today. The three legal systems are the Continental European legal system, Anglo American and Islamic Law. The comparative study of the three types of legal systems found that the history of the Continental European legal system is divided into 6 phases, while Anglo American legal history began in the feudalistic era of England until it developed into America and continues to be studied until now. Meanwhile, the history of Islamic law is divided into 5 phases, starting from the Phase of the Prophet Muhammad to the Resurrection Phase (19th century until nowadays). In addition to history, the authors find that the Continental European legal system has the characteristic of anti-formalism thinking, while the Anglo American legal thinking characteristic tends to be formalism and is based on a relatively primitive mindset. While the thinking character of Islamic Law is much influenced by the thought of the fuqoha (fiqh experts) in determining the law to solve a problem, so relatively dynamic and moderate.
ANALISIS YURIDIS KEDUDUKAN HUKUM LEMBAGA PEMBERI FATWA HALAL DI BEBERAPA NEGARA
Aditya, Zaka Firma;
Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin
Wacana Hukum Vol 25, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Slamet Riyadi
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DOI: 10.33061/1.jwh.2019.25.1.3033
AbstractConsuming halal and safe food products is a constitutional right of citizens. This right is realized through guarantee of halal products, the institution authorized to issue fatwa halla on a product is LPPOM MUI. The results showed that LPPOM MUI issued a halal certificate for a product after previously going through a trial process at the MUI Fatwa Commission. Although judicially the position of MUI is not a state institution, the presence of the MUI, especially LPPOM MUI, can answer the needs of the community. Halal certificates from LPPOM MUI can at least provide legal certainty for the community. Abroad, halal certification institutions are government or private institutions that have their own statutory regulations and standards.AbstrakMengkonsumsi produk pangan halal dan aman merupakan hak konstitusional warga negara. Hak tersebut diwujudkan melalui jaminan produk halal, lembaga yang berwenang mengeluarkan fatwa halla atas suau produk adalah LPPOM MUI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LPPOM MUI mengeluarkan sertifikat halal atas suatu produk setelah sebelumnya melalui proses sidang di Komisi Fatwa MUI. Meskipun secara yuridis kedudukan MUI bukan merupakan lembaga negara, namun kehadiran MUI, terutama LPPOM MUI, bisa menjawab kebutuhan masyarakat. Sertifikat halal dari LPPOM MUI setidakya bisa memberikan kepastian hukum bagi masyarakat. Di luar negeri, lembaga sertifikasi halal merupakan lembaga pemerintah atau swasta yang memiliki perundang-undangan dan standar resmi tersendiri.
THE LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST TERRORISM SUSPECTS IN INDONESIA (CASE STUDY OF THE ARREST PROCESS OF TERRORISM SUSPECTS BY DENSUS 88)
Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin;
Aditya, Zaka Firma
Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Vol 27, No 1 (2019): Maret
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Muhammadiyah Malang
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DOI: 10.22219/jihl.v27i1.8954
Terrorism is a form of extraordinary crime that not only leads to lives and material losses, but also creates a continuing fear in society. Backed by the many cases of terrorism with suicide bombing mode, especially in the case of Bali Bombing 1 and 2, then born special datachment 88 (Densus 88) which has the obligation to combat terrorism. Unfortunately, in cracking down on the perpetrators of terror, even those still suspected as terrorist suspects, Densus 88 often uses violence and even shoots off on the spot. The late Siyono was one of the victims of repressive measures carried out by Densus 88. In other cases, Densus 88 is also often proven to mis-arrest after the suspect has lost his life. This condition is certainly contrary to the spirit of democracy and efforts to guarantee human rights protection in Indonesia. This paper discusses: (1) the Standard Operational Procedure of terrorist suspected arrest process by Densus 88 and its comparison with anti terrorism agency in other country; and (2) Guarantees and legal protection in the fulfillment of the rights of suspected terrorists.
STRENGTHENING BAZNAS AS THE SOCIETY’S TRUSTED ZAKAT AGENCY TO INCREASE THE WELFARE OF UMMAH
Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin
Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah Vol 11, No 1 (2020): Jurisdictie
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah
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DOI: 10.18860/j.v11i1.7841
Zakat potential in Indonesia reaches IDR 252 trillion per year. With the amount of 202 million Muslims, this can alleviate poverty in Indonesia. However, zakat has not been optimized by the government. This is indicated by the low tax revenue which is around USD 86 Million per month or IDR 2.8 Trillion per year. Low zakat collection is partly caused by the lack of trust to zakat management institutions (called LPZ), LPZ’s professionalism, and zakat direct distribution by muzakki to mustahik. In addition, people worry that their funds will be corrupted. It is because corruption is closely related to government’s image; shown by abundant cases of corruption involving well-known figures. This article discusses the role of zakat in alleviating poverty and reinforcing Baznas as public’s reliable Amil Zakat Institution (BAZ). The result indicated that the professionalism of services and management of BAZ and LAZ can be created by improving their performance to gain community trust. One effort of empowering BAZ as public trust is through the internal and external reinforcement. Baznas internal reinforcement can be done by tightening Human Resource recruitment and assessment by national and international accreditation agencies. Meanwhile, external reinforcement is done by creating innovation and program rebranding.Potensi zakat di Indonesia cukup tinggi dan mencapai Rp. 252 triliun per tahun. Dengan 202 juta populasi Muslim, potensi zakat dapat membantu mengurangi kemiskinan di Indonesia. Namun, zakat belum dapat dioptimalkan oleh pemerintah. Ini ditunjukkan oleh pendapatan pajak yang rendah sekitar USD 86 juta per bulan atau IDR 2,8 triliun per tahun. Pengumpulan zakat yang rendah sebagian disebabkan oleh tingkat kepercayaan publik terhadap lembaga pengelolaan zakat (LPZ), profesionalisme LPZ dan distribusi zakat langsung oleh muzakki ke mustahik. Selain itu, masyarakat khawatir dana zakat yang disetorkan akan dikorupsi. Hal ini terjadi karena korupsi sangat berkaitan dengan imej pemerintah; terbukti dengan banyaknya kasus korupsi yang melibatkan tokoh-tokoh penting di pemerintahan. Artikel ini membahas peran zakat dalam pengentasan kemiskinan dan penguatan Baznas sebagai Badan Amil Zakat (BAZ) kepercayaan publik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa profesionalisme layanan serta manajemen BAZ dan LAZ dapat diciptakan dengan meningkatkan kinerja mereka untuk mendapatkan kepercayaan dari masyarakat. Salah satu upaya memberdayakan BAZ sebagai kepercayaan publik adalah melalui penguatan internal dan eksternal. Penguatan internal Baznas dapat dilakukan dengan memperketat rekrutmen SDM dan penilaian oleh lembaga akreditasi nasional dan internasional. Sementara penguatan eksternal dibuat dengan inovasi dan rebranding program.
Indonesian Children Protection against Commercial Sexual Exploitation through Siri Marriage Practices in Maqashid Al-Shariah Perspective
Disemadi, Hari Sutra;
Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin;
Yusro, Mochammad Abizar
Brawijaya Law Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Contemporary Legal Issue in Children and Women Protection
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.blj.2020.007.02.04
In Indonesia, the development of the mode of commercial sexual exploitation of children has been carried out through the practice of siri marriage. Children who are vulnerable to sexual exploitation due to lack of literacy in children, economic conditions of the family, and because of the environment and social status. The study aims to examine the protection of children against commercial sexual exploitation through the siri marriage mode from the Maqashid Al-Shariah perspective. This research uses normative juridical research methods with the statutory approach and conceptual approach. This research shows that siri marriage based on Islamic law is permissible if it meets the requirements of marriage, but based on Indonesian national law, siri marriage is prohibited if the purpose is to obtain material benefits for parents or the party to marry off children at an early age. Siri marriage can be used as a criminal offense if done against a child. Whereas in the Maqashid Al-Shariah perspective, marriage with children through siri marriage is legal or permissible. However, the marriage will only produce part of the purpose of marriage, while other objectives in perspective Maqashid Al-Sharia tend to be ignored because early marriage is prone to psychological problems and lack of skills in the family. As a result, marriage is considered to have the risk of giving birth to a bad thing in the family which can reduce the noble values which are the main mission of Islam.