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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Geography Media Komunikasi Geografi Jurnal Geografi LIngkungan Tropik (Journal of Geography of Tropical Environments) The International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES)
Marko, Kuswantoro
Department Of Geography, Faculty Of Mathematics And Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia
Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Social Sciences

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A Preliminary Study of the Physico-Chemical Parameters and Potential Pollutant Sources in Urban Lake Rawa Besar, Depok, Indonesia Mangapul Parlindungan Tambunan; Kuswantoro Marko; Ratna Saraswati; Rokhmatuloh Rokhmatuloh; Revi Hernina
Indonesian Journal of Geography Vol 53, No 2 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Geography
Publisher : Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijg.60420

Abstract

Lake Rawa Besar is an urban lake surrounded by dense settlements and commercial areas that are currently experiencing physical and ecological pressures due to uncontrolled land-use change around the lake. Therefore, this preliminary study aimed to investigate the sustainable management of the lake in order to create a recreational destination area. It was carried out by ascertaining the lake water quality status through the analysis of the physical and chemical parameters and identifying the potential pollutant sources due to land use and human activities. The physical parameters include TDS, TSS, Turbidity, while the chemical parameters include Nitrate-N, Total Phosphate-P, and BOD. Furthermore, field surveys on 30 water samples were conducted once at noon and statistical analysis was used to ascertain the correlation between the physical and chemical parameters. Finally, Geographic Information System (GIS) tools were used to investigate the spatial distribution of the Physico-chemical parameters and the potential pollutant sources. The results showed that based on the six parameters of the water quality status, the lake was lightly polluted. It also showed that three parameters such as Turbidity, BOD, and TSS exceed the permissible limit with 93.3, 66.7, 43.7% of the total samples, respectively. Additionally, a strong correlation existed between BOD and Turbidity with r=0.95, while a medium correlation existed between Nitrate-N and Phosphate-P with r=0.40. The spatial distribution of the concentration of the physico-chemical parameters generally had a varied pattern,  however, Turbidity and BOD had a similar pattern, especially in the bank areas. Finally, domestic and organic wastes were indicated as pollutant sources, which increased eutrophication in the lake.
APPLICATION OF FOREST CANOPY DENSITY (FCD) MODEL FOR THE HOTSPOT MONITORING OF CROWN FIRE IN TEBO, JAMBI PROVINCE Falensky, Muhammad Attorik; Sulti, Anggieani Laras; Putra, Ranggas Dhuha; Marko, Kuswantoro
Jurnal Geografi Lingkungan Tropik (Journal of Geography of Tropical Environments) Vol. 4, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Indonesia is one of the owners of the 9th largest forest area in the world. Forest area in Indonesia reaches 884,950 km2 . Tebo Regency is a regency in Jambi Province which has a wide forest area of 628,003 Ha. However, this forest area has been reduced due to the conversion of functions of Industrial Plantation Forests (HTI), oil palm plantations, and forest clearing activities for both settlements and plantations which led to the phenomenon of forest and land fires (karhutla). This study aims to get a better knowledge of crowns of fire potential locations in forest areas using remote sensing technology. Remote sensing data used in this study is from the satellite imagery of Landsat 8 OLI - TIRS in 2019. Remote sensing data is used to produce a Forest Canopy Density (FCD) model that can be overlapped with a hotspot location, so the crown fire potential locations will be explored in the forest area of Tebo Regency, Jambi Province. Identification of hotspot patterns in Forest Areas was analyzed using spatial analysis. The results of this study are useful for the government as the information of the hotspot area as the cause of fires in the Forest Region of Tebo Regency Jambi Province.
PEMODELAN DEBIT BANJIR SEHUBUNGAN DENGAN PREDIKSI PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN DI DAERAH ALIRAN CI LEUNGSI HULU MENGGUNAKAN HEC-HMS Marko, Kuswantoro; Zulkarnain, Faris
Jurnal Geografi Lingkungan Tropik (Journal of Geography of Tropical Environments) Vol. 2, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Upper Ci Leungsi catchment area is one of the catchments that has an important role in contributing water runoff to downstream areas i.e. Bekasi City. High population growth has led to significant changes in land use that impact in potentially increased surface runoff causing flooding. This study aims to estimate the flood discharge that will occur in relation to land cover change prediction in 2020, 2025, and 2030. The SCS-CN method is used for calculation of runoff volume and synthetic unit hydrograph using HEC-HMS. The CN value obtained on the existing data i.e. 72.5; 74.4; and 75.4 in 2005, 2010, and 2014 respectively, whereas the predicted CN values in 2020, 2025 and 2030 increased by 77.2; 78.4; and 79.4 respectively. This study concludes that the prediction of flood discharge in 2020, 2025, and 2030 has increased, from 2020 to 2025 by 28.4%, and from 2025 to 2030 by 26.8%. For a 25-year re-period with 197mm design rainfall resulted in flood discharge of 624.6, 653.0, and 679.8 m3 / dt in 2020, 2025, and 2030 respectively. This study is highly useful for urban development planning, particularly in anticipating the damages due to floods in future.
Relationship Between Vegetation Greenness (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature Across Land Cover Types in Ciwidey Sub-Watershed (1990–2020) Syabila, Syal; Marko, Kuswantoro; Hernina, Revi
Jurnal Geografi Lingkungan Tropik (Journal of Geography of Tropical Environments) Vol. 9, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Land cover change significantly influences vegetation greenness and land surface temperature (LST), particularly in upstream watershed regions experiencing rapid development. This study aims to analyze changes in vegetation greenness (NDVI), land surface temperature, and their relationship across different land cover types in the Ciwidey Sub-Watershed, Bandung Regency, during 1990–2020. Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI images (Path/Row 122/65) acquired in July 1990, 2005, and 2020 were processed using radiometric correction, supervised classification (Maximum Likelihood), NDVI extraction, and mono-window LST algorithm. Land cover classification accuracy was assessed using confusion matrix analysis. Linear regression was applied to evaluate the relationship between NDVI and LST. Results indicate a decline in high vegetation greenness areas and an increase in very low greenness and non-vegetated areas, particularly in built-up land and mixed gardens. Surface temperature shows a consistent upward trend, with dominant temperature classes shifting from 19–21°C (1990–2005) to 22–24°C (2020). Regression analysis reveals a strong negative relationship between NDVI and LST in all observed years (1990: y = -15.113x + 20.683; 2005: y = -14.313x + 23.012; 2020: y = -10.927x + 25.175), indicating that increasing vegetation greenness reduces surface temperature. These findings confirm that vegetation degradation contributes to thermal amplification in the sub-watershed. The study highlights the importance of vegetation conservation for sustainable watershed management.
Land Use/Land Cover Changes Using Landsat Imagery in The Upper Citarum Watershed, West Java, Province, Indonesia Kuswantoro Marko; Dwita Sutjiningsih; Eko Kusratmoko; Widjojo Adi Prakoso
International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 22 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30536/ijreses.v22i1.13539

Abstract

The growth of the population and its activities, especially in the Upper Citarum Watershed (UCW) since the last decade has changed the condition of land that was originally vegetated into built-up land. Uncontrolled land use/land cover (LULC) changes in this watershed will certainly have an ecological and hydrological impact. Moreover, this watershed has a very vital role as a provider of agricultural products and water sources in three large reservoirs on the Java island, i.e. the Saguling, Cirata, and Jatiluhur reservoirs. The existence of these three reservoirs is very reliable in supplying electrical energy for the islands of Java and Bali. This study aims to determine changes in LULC over the last 30 years period (1990-2020). LULC information was obtained from analysis of Landsat imagery in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. Supervised classification methods based on remote sensing and geographic information systems were applied to identify types and changes in LULC, i.e. forests, rice fields, dry farm land, bush-grass, mixed gardens, built-up land, and water bodies. The results showed that during the last 30 years there was a fairly high increase on built-up land (+16.4%), and a fairly high decrease in rice fields (-11.5%). The high increase in the ​​built-up land from 1990 to 2020 is indicated by the high level of land conversion from rice fields and dry land farming. The area of ​​natural LULC such as forest has decreased by -3.2% or about 5,705 ha in the last 30 years. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for the government and environmentalists so that efforts to prevent environmental damage can be carried out early on.
Monitoring Kekeringan berbasis Satelit untuk Identifikasi Potensi Kebakaran Hutan di Provinsi Jawa Timur Junilla Tristanti; Alya Arifa Danishara Afdal; Amirah Nayla Dinar Susena; Jennifer Marchelina Hutapea; Kuswantoro Marko; Andry Rustanto
Media Komunikasi Geografi Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/mkg.v27i1.113599

Abstract

Kekeringan meteorologis akibat defisit curah hujan menjadi ancaman yang memicu peningkatan kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Provinsi Jawa Timur, terutama di wilayah timur yang secara geografis menerima curah hujan lebih rendah akibat pengaruh penghalang orografis Pegunungan Tengger-Semeru. Keterbatasan data pengamatan dari stasiun hujan darat mendorong pemanfaatan data presipitasi berbasis satelit. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan data presipitasi dan nilai Standardized Precipitation Index 1-bulan (SPI-1) dari dataset CHIRPS dan PERSIANN-CDR periode 1995-2024 untuk mengidentifikasi potensi kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Jawa Timur. Pengolahan dan visualisasi data dilakukan menggunakan Google Earth Engine (GEE). Data CHIRPS di-upscaling ke resolusi 0,25° menggunakan metode mean resampling agar konsisten dengan resolusi PERSIANN-CDR. Indeks SPI-1 dihitung menggunakan distribusi Gamma untuk mentransformasikan anomali curah hujan bulanan menjadi indeks kekeringan terstandarisasi. Evaluasi kesesuaian antardataset dilakukan menggunakan koefisien korelasi Pearson (R) dan Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), serta didukung analisis deret waktu pada 12 kabupaten dengan riwayat kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan estimasi presipitasi bulanan memiliki kesesuaian sangat tinggi (R=0,94; RMSE=48,42 mm/bulan), namun korelasinya menurun pada hasil SPI-1 (R=0,80; RMSE=0,59). Secara spasial dan temporal, CHIRPS lebih rinci dan konsisten dalam merepresentasikan kekeringan ekstrem dibandingkan PERSIANN-CDR. Pola kekeringan menunjukkan peningkatan risiko kebakaran ke arah timur Jawa Timur sehingga wilayah tersebut menjadi prioritas dalam sistem peringatan dini kebakaran.
Co-Authors Alya Arifa Danishara Afdal Amirah Nayla Dinar Susena Andry Rustanto Anggieani Laras Sulti Dwita Sutjiningsih Eko Kusratmoko Falensky, Muhammad Attorik Faris Zulkarnain Jennifer Marchelina Hutapea Junilla Tristanti Muhammad Attorik Falensky Putra, Ranggas Dhuha Ranggas Dhuha Putra Ratna Saraswati Revi Hernina Rokhmatuloh, Rokhmatuloh Sulti, Anggieani Laras Syabila, Syal Tambunan, Mangapul Parlindungan Widjojo Adi Prakoso Zulkarnain, Faris