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Watung, Jackson F.
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science

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Entomopathogenic Fungi Efficacy Test Beauveria bassiana (Bals) Vuill on Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) Larvae Mortality in Scallion Plants Manurung, Putra; Tarore, Dantje; Paat, Frangky J.; Watung, Jackson F.
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan (Applied Agroecotechnology Journal) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v7i1.52173

Abstract

Spodoptera exigua, a member of the Lepidoptera order and the Noctuidae family, has the ability to rapidly attack leek plants (Allium fistulosum L.). The goal of this study was to use B. bassiana on A. fistulosum to determine the death rate of S. exigua larvae. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used, with four treatments: P0 (control), P1 (conidia concentration 106/ml), P2 (conidia concentration 107/ml), and P3 (conidia concentration 108/ml). Repeat four times. Each replication consisted of ten larvae. A total of 160 S. exigua larvae were required. The observation findings showed that each concentration had a different LT50 value. Based on the LT50 data, treatment with a concentration of 108/ml effectively suppressed 50% of the larvae within 4 days. Significant temporal differences were detected for each conidia concentration. On the fourth day after application, a high mortality rate was observed in treatment P3 (conidia concentration of 108/ml), indicating a consistent daily larval mortality rate. The attack intensity reached 30% in just four days with a conidia concentration of 108/ml (P3), followed by P2 (107/ml) and P1 (106/ml). The mortality rate of S. exigua larvae increases linearly with conidia concentration. Keywords: Spodoptera exigua, Beauveria bassiana, Allium fistulosum L.   Abstrak. Spodoptera exigua tergolong ordo Lepidoptera, famili Noctuidae. S. exigua dapat menyerang tanaman tanaman bawang daun (Allium fistulosum L.) dengan cepat dalam waktu yang singkat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah aplikasi B. bassiana pada A. fistulosum untuk mendapatkan tingkat mortalitas larva S. exigua. Completely randomized design (RAL) 4 perlakuan, terdiri atas: P0 (control), P1 (konsentrasi konidia 106/ml), P2 (konsentrasi konidia 107/ml), dan P3 (konsentrasi konidia 108/ml). Ulangan empat kali. Sampel disetiap ulangan terdiri atas 10 larvae. Total larvae yang diperlukan yaitu sebanyak 160 larva S. exigua. Hasil pengamatan mengindikasikan bahwa setiap konsentrasi memiliki nilai LT50 yang bervariasi. Dari data LT50 yang diperoleh, perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 108/ml sangat cepat mengendalikan 50 persen larvae dalam waktu 4 hari. Perbedaan waktu signifikan disetiap konsentrasi konidia yang diterapkan. Pada hari keempat setelah aplikasi, tingkat mortalitas yang signifikan terjadi pada perlakuan P3 (konsentrasi konidia 108/ml), menunjukkan tingkat mortalitas larva yang stabil setiap harinya. Intensitas serangan mencapai 30% hanya dalam empat hari dengan penggunaan konsentrasi konidia 108/ml (P3), selanjutnya P2 (konidia 107/ml), dan P1 (konidia 106/ml). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi konidia linier terhadap mortalitas level larva S. exigua. Kata kunci: Spodoptera exigua, Beauveria bassiana, Allium fistulosum L.
Inventory of Aquatic Insects as Bioindicators of Pollution in Sosongian Watershed, South Minahasa District. Roesli, Sara H.; Kaligis, James B.; Watung, Jackson F.
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan (Applied Agroecotechnology Journal) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): ISSUE JULY-DECEMBER 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/jat.v6i2.64521

Abstract

Abstract. Over time, human activities have increased, resulting in potentially polluted rivers. Variations in aquatic insect populations in freshwater ecosystems can indicate the possibility of pollution. This study aims to inventory and identify various types of aquatic insects as bioindicators of pollution in the Sosongian watershed, South Minahasa Regency. Sampling was conducted using kick sampling, hand picking, and sweeping techniques at three Sosongian river stations. Identification of aquatic insects using identification key McCafferty (1981); Morse et al (1994); Yule & Hoi sen (2004); Nebois (1991); Carver (1991).  The results found six orders and 21 families of aquatic insects. Key Words: Inventory, Aquatic Insects, Pollution Bioindicators Abstrak. Seiring berjalannya waktu, aktivitas manusia terus meningkat dan mengakibatkan sungai berpotensi tercemar. Variasi populasi serangga air yang ada dalam ekosistem air tawar bisa mengindikasikan kemungkinan pencemaran terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi dan mengidentifikasi berbagai jenis serangga air sebagai bioindikator pencemaran di DAS Sosongian, Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik kick sampling, hand picking, dan sapuan pada tiga stasiun sungai sosongian. Identifikasi serangga air menggunakan kunci identifikasi McCafferty (1981); Morse et al (1994); Yule & Hoi sen (2004); Nebois (1991); Carver (1991).  Hasil penelitian ditemukan sebanyak enam ordo dan 21 famili serangga air. Kata Kunci: Inventarisasi, Serangga Air, Bioindikator Pencemaran
Monitoring Of Aquatic Insects As Bioindicators Of River Pollution Gurning, Aksay K.; Wantasen, Sofia; Moniaga, Wilson M.; Watung, Jackson F.; Turang, Deflly A. S.
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan (Applied Agroecotechnology Journal) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): ISSUE JANUARY-JUNE 2026
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Aquatic insects serve as reliable indicators for water quality. This study aims to monitor and identify various types of aquatic insects as bioindicators of pollution found in the Kali Pineleng River, Pineleng District, Minahasa Regency. Sampling was carried out using kick sampling, hand picking, and sweeping techniques at three Sosongian River stations. The process of identifying aquatic insects used the identification key of McCafferty (1981); Morse et al (1994); Yule & Y. Hoi Sen (2004). After identification, the data obtained were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using the biotic index formula and diversity index. The results of the study found eight orders of aquatic insects with a total of 263 individuals from 24 families. The Hemiptera order dominates the number of individuals, followed by Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera. Sampling was conducted at three stations showing variations in composition and number of specimens, with Station II having the largest number of individuals. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) showed a value of 1.45341, indicating moderate diversity in the aquatic insect community. In addition, the calculation of the Biotic Index (BI) at the three stations showed that the water quality was classified as "Good", reflecting the condition of the ecosystem that still supports the life of macroinvertebrates that are sensitive to pollution. Keywords: Monitoring, aquatic insects, bioindicator, river pollution Abstrak. Serangga air berfungsi sebagai indikator yang dapat diandalkan untuk kualitas air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memantau dan mengidentifikasi berbagai jenis serangga air sebagai bioindikator pencemaran yang ditemukan di Sungai Kali Pineleng, Kecamatan Pineleng, Kabupaten Minahasa. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik kick sampling, hand picking, dan sweeping di tiga stasiun Sungai Sosongian. Proses identifikasi serangga air menggunakan kunci identifikasi McCafferty (1981); Morse et al (1994); Yule & Y. Hoi Sen (2004). Setelah identifikasi, data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan kuantitatif menggunakan rumus indeks biotik dan indeks keanekaragaman. Hasil penelitian menemukan delapan ordo serangga air dengan total 263 individu dari 24 famili. Ordo Hemiptera mendominasi jumlah individu, diikuti oleh Ephemeroptera dan Trichoptera. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tiga stasiun yang menunjukkan variasi komposisi dan jumlah spesimen, dengan Stasiun II memiliki jumlah individu terbanyak. Indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H’) menunjukkan nilai 1,45341, yang mengindikasikan keanekaragaman moderat pada komunitas serangga air. Selain itu, perhitungan Indeks Biotik (BI) di tiga stasiun menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air diklasifikasikan sebagai "Baik", mencerminkan kondisi ekosistem yang masih mendukung kehidupan makroinvertebrata yang sensitif terhadap polusi. Kata kunci: Pemantauan, serangga air, bioindikator, polusi sungai
Co-Authors Dantje Tarore Deflly A. S. Turang Frangky J. Paat Gurning, Aksay K. James B. Kaligis Manurung, Putra Moniaga, Wilson M. Roesli, Sara H. Sofia Wantasen