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All Journal Kanz Philosophia: A Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism Aqlania Kordinat : Jurnal Komunikasi antar Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam
Hamdani, Basrir
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BELIEF IN GOD BY INTUITIVE KNOWLEDGE IN MULLĀ ṢADRĀ’S PHILOSOPHY : (A CRITIQUE TO ATHEISTIC EVIDENTIALISM) Hakimelahi, Abdolmajid; Hamdani, Basrir
Kanz Philosophia A Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016): Kanz Philosophia
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam (STAI) Sadra

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Abstract

The epistemological approach of evidentialism maintains that a belief must have sufficient evidence in order to be rationally justified. The belief in God is no exception, it must pass as well the litmus test of evidence as a measure of its rational justification. But what counts as evidence? Responding to this question and identifying the nature of the evidence that can be used to justify belief has become a point of contention among philosophers. While some evidentialists have denied the possibility of evidence for the belief in God, others have attacked the very basis of the evidentialist claim by promoting belief in God without evidence. The following paper aims at proposing an alternative way or approach to argue and to justify belief in God, that is, intuitive knowledge. To excute this aim, this paper tries at first to describe briefly those two currents of thought and, further, examines and criticizes them by discussing and analyzing the notion of innate concepts and presentational knowledge as known by an intuitive knowledge based on Mullā Ṣadrā’s view. According to some philosophers, this type of knowledge, presentational knowledge, can be included as “evidence” even from the evidentialist point of view which does not limit evidence to conceptual knowledge. By this, critical analysis will be applied here as a method to conduct the research.
Evolutionist Humanism of Muhammad Iqbal: Response to Sartre’s Existentialism Fadel, Achmad; Ruhani, Mahdi; Hamdani, Basrir
Aqlania Vol. 15 No. 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Jurusan Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Adab UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten

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The differences in the foundational thoughts on humanity become a factor in the plurality of interpretations of humanism that seeks to interpret ideal humanity. Jean Paul Sartre proposed a typical existentialist humanism, which removes the essence from humanity. Humans are left without meaning with the freedom to dynamically determine their own essence. The problem is that humans are only viewed from the aspect of freedom alone, while the aspects of evolution and human improvement are ignored. Therefore, by using the evolutionary humanism perspective of Muhammad Iqbal, humans are allowed to have the freedom to determine their essence while simultaneously perfecting themselves towards the absolute source of existence in the universe. The purpose of this research is to respond to Sartre's freedom humanism using Iqbal's evolutionary humanism with a descriptive analysis approach. The research results show that Sartre's humanism places freedom as the goal, while Iqbal makes freedom an instrument to achieve perfection (absolute ego). Sartre's disregard for freedom nullifies morality and the values of civilization considered important by humanism. Therefore, evolution is a key element for freedom, humanism, and civilization that can contribute to the foundation of ethics and culture
Muhammad Iqbal's Humanism: a Response to Religious-Sufistic and Secular Humanism Hamdani, Basrir; Rasid, Rasid
Kordinat: Jurnal Komunikasi antar Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam Vol 23, No 1 (2024): Jurnal Komunikasi antar Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam
Publisher : Kopertais Wilayah I DKI Jakarta dan Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kordinat.v23i1.35066

Abstract

The nature of human being is not only the self who possesses ‘will to power’ or free will to determine the continuity of his life through fulfilling the biological needs, but also the self who is cosmological reflection of God, he is pervaded by divine values with active-participatory and creative manner. This article attempts to disclose a construction of Muhammad Iqbal’s idea on humanism based on spiritual-anthropological perspective in understanding human being. This idea of him on humanism constitutes a response and synthesis, as well, to two views; first, the view that only emphasizes on physical-biological aspect and denies spiritual-metaphysical aspect of human being as what maintained by modern Western humanism. Second, the view that is exceedingly fixated on spiritual-theocentric aspect and underestimates the anthropological-sociological aspects of human’s role as a living creature. The second one has afflicted mystical tradition in Islamic thought. By his philosophy of khūdī (ego), Iqbal proposes a holistic approach in understanding the reality of human being. He elaborates that human being is not only a creature that possesses privilege for actualizing his self-potential in material cases by means of creative actions but also a spiritual creature who has substance (human soul) which is everlastingly as the manifestation of Cosmic Creator who is Omni-Creative i.e., God as the Absolute Ego or the Perfect Self. This writing is proposed by means of analytical-descriptive method toward Iqbal’s philosophy in constructing the idea of humanism.
Muhammad Iqbal's Humanism: a Response to Religious-Sufistic and Secular Humanism Hamdani, Basrir; Rasid, Rasid
Kordinat: Jurnal Komunikasi antar Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam Vol.23 No.1 (2024): Jurnal Komunikasi antar Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam
Publisher : Kopertais Wilayah I DKI Jakarta dan Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kordinat.v23i1.35066

Abstract

The nature of human being is not only the self who possesses ‘will to power’ or free will to determine the continuity of his life through fulfilling the biological needs, but also the self who is cosmological reflection of God, he is pervaded by divine values with active-participatory and creative manner. This article attempts to disclose a construction of Muhammad Iqbal’s idea on humanism based on spiritual-anthropological perspective in understanding human being. This idea of him on humanism constitutes a response and synthesis, as well, to two views; first, the view that only emphasizes on physical-biological aspect and denies spiritual-metaphysical aspect of human being as what maintained by modern Western humanism. Second, the view that is exceedingly fixated on spiritual-theocentric aspect and underestimates the anthropological-sociological aspects of human’s role as a living creature. The second one has afflicted mystical tradition in Islamic thought. By his philosophy of khūdī (ego), Iqbal proposes a holistic approach in understanding the reality of human being. He elaborates that human being is not only a creature that possesses privilege for actualizing his self-potential in material cases by means of creative actions but also a spiritual creature who has substance (human soul) which is everlastingly as the manifestation of Cosmic Creator who is Omni-Creative i.e., God as the Absolute Ego or the Perfect Self. This writing is proposed by means of analytical-descriptive method toward Iqbal’s philosophy in constructing the idea of humanism.
Co-Authors Fadel, Achmad Hakimelahi, Abdolmajid Rasid, Rasid Ruhani, Mahdi