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Evolutionist Humanism of Muhammad Iqbal: Response to Sartre’s Existentialism Fadel, Achmad; Ruhani, Mahdi; Hamdani, Basrir
Aqlania Vol. 15 No. 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Jurusan Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Adab UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten

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Abstract

The differences in the foundational thoughts on humanity become a factor in the plurality of interpretations of humanism that seeks to interpret ideal humanity. Jean Paul Sartre proposed a typical existentialist humanism, which removes the essence from humanity. Humans are left without meaning with the freedom to dynamically determine their own essence. The problem is that humans are only viewed from the aspect of freedom alone, while the aspects of evolution and human improvement are ignored. Therefore, by using the evolutionary humanism perspective of Muhammad Iqbal, humans are allowed to have the freedom to determine their essence while simultaneously perfecting themselves towards the absolute source of existence in the universe. The purpose of this research is to respond to Sartre's freedom humanism using Iqbal's evolutionary humanism with a descriptive analysis approach. The research results show that Sartre's humanism places freedom as the goal, while Iqbal makes freedom an instrument to achieve perfection (absolute ego). Sartre's disregard for freedom nullifies morality and the values of civilization considered important by humanism. Therefore, evolution is a key element for freedom, humanism, and civilization that can contribute to the foundation of ethics and culture
LOVE IN THE QUR’AN: EXPLORING MULTIFACETED DIMENSIONS THROUGH THE ANALYTICAL LENS OF MAKĀRIM SHĪRĀZĪ’S TAFSĪR AL-AMTHAL Maria Ulfah, Lu'lu'atul; Baihaki, Egi Sukma; Gama, Cipta Bakti; Fadel, Achmad
Jurnal At-Tibyan: Jurnal Ilmu Alqur'an dan Tafsir Vol 9 No 1 (2024): Volume 9 No. 1 June 2024
Publisher : The Department of the Qur'anic Studies, Faculty of Ushuluddin, Adab, and Da'wah, State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) Langsa

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Abstract

The study of love in the Qur’an has predominantly focused on its psychological dimension, viewing it as a manifestation of human emotions. However, the Qur’an places love in a broader context, emphasizing the centrality of God and transcending conventional subject-object relationships. Notably, the verses addressing love in the Qur’an often overlook its multifaceted dimensions. The contemporary discourse on reinterpreting religion through the lens of love underscores the need to comprehend the implications of love’s interpretation in exegesis books. Grounded in this context, this research aims to unravel the dimensions and implications of love’s meaning in Makārim Shīrāzī’s exegesis, al-Amthal. Employing an interpretative approach, the findings reveal four dimensions proposed by Makārim Shīrāzī: firstly, a philosophical dimension rooted in the dichotomy of genuine and illusory love; secondly, a religious dimension positioning love as the “substance of religion”; thirdly, a social dimension where love forms the basis for tranquility (iṭmi‘nān) and societal peace (sakan); and finally, a psychological dimension portraying love as an emotion existing alongside hatred. These dimensions bear implications for issues related to divinity, prophethood, social relations, and tolerance. This research contributes to refining the interpretation of love in Islam, fostering a nuanced understanding that transcends exclusive and extreme religious perspectives.
LOVE IN THE QUR'AN: EXPLORING MULTIFACETED DIMENSIONS THROUGH THE ANALYTICAL LENS OF MAKĀRIM SHĪRĀZĪ'S TAFSĪR AL-AMTHAL Maria Ulfah, Lu'lu'atul; Baihaki, Egi Sukma; Gama, Cipta Bakti; Fadel, Achmad
Jurnal At-Tibyan: Jurnal Ilmu Alqur'an dan Tafsir Vol 9 No 1 (2024): Volume 9 No. 1 June 2024
Publisher : The Department of the Qur'anic Studies, Faculty of Ushuluddin, Adab, and Da'wah, State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) Langsa

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Abstract

The study of love in the Qur'an has predominantly focused on its psychological dimension, viewing it as a manifestation of human emotions. However, the Qur'an places love in a broader context, emphasizing the centrality of God and transcending conventional subject-object relationships. Notably, the verses addressing love in the Qur'an often overlook its multifaceted dimensions. The contemporary discourse on reinterpreting religion through the lens of love underscores the need to comprehend the implications of love's interpretation in exegesis books. Grounded in this context, this research aims to unravel the dimensions and implications of love's meaning in Makārim Shīrāzī's exegesis, al-Amthal. Employing an interpretative approach, the findings reveal four dimensions proposed by Makārim Shīrāzī: firstly, a philosophical dimension rooted in the dichotomy of genuine and illusory love; secondly, a religious dimension positioning love as the “substance of religion”; thirdly, a social dimension where love forms the basis for tranquility (iṭmi‘nān) and societal peace (sakan); and finally, a psychological dimension portraying love as an emotion existing alongside hatred. These dimensions bear implications for issues related to divinity, prophethood, social relations, and tolerance. This research contributes to refining the interpretation of love in Islam, fostering a nuanced understanding that transcends exclusive and extreme religious perspectives.
Penafsiran Eskatologi Wujudi Mulla Sadra: Makna Filosofis Peristiwa Eskatologi dalam Surah al-Zilzal Fadel, Achmad; Adnani, Hasyim; Gama, Cipta Bakti Gama; Syam, Muhammad Asrul; Achmad Fadel
PUTIH: Jurnal Pengetahuan Tentang Ilmu dan Hikmah Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): PUTIH: Jurnal Pengetahuan tentang Ilmu dan Hikmah Vol. IX No. I
Publisher : Mahad Aly Al Fithrah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51498/2gnj8n22

Abstract

This research This research aims to analyze the eschatological phenomenon in Surah Al-Zalzalah based on the approach of Mulla Sadra's Philosophy of Existence. The eschatological phenomenon described in the Qur'an is an event that can be believed not only through dogmatic methods but also through rational-speculative means. The focus of the events to be discussed here is the Day of Judgment, resurrection (sudur an-nas), and recompense (jaza’). These three events go beyond sensory instruments and scientific testing, making them philosophical issues that are suitable to be understood within a rational-universal framework. Mulla Sadra offers a rational explanation based on the Transcendental Theosophy theory (al-Hikmah al-Muta’aliyyah) to understand the events of the Day of Judgment, resurrection, and recompense. The source of data is taken from Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Karim by Sadra, edited by Khajavi. This research involves a literature review using the Philosophy of Existence theory by Sadra. The results of this study indicate that each eschatological phenomenon is a form of evolution and modulation of existence. Firstly, the Day of Judgment is interpreted as the process of actualization and perfection of material, where the Earth is replaced by another Earth, and every substance undergoes a perfecting movement. Resurrection is the actualization of every potential and the forms of souls toward the original form of each creature. Recompense is the original psychological form of the soul when resurrected, producing either happiness or misery. This interpretation implies a more Sufi approach to religion, attributing every goodness or badness to the condition of the individual soul's form