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All Journal International Journal of Law Reconstruction Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum
christy, gracesy prisela
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Other

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Redefinition of International Peace in the Use of Outer Space Based on Peacefull Purpose Principle in Outer Space Treaty 1967 Tandungan, Edmondus Sadesto; Salim, Andre; Christy, Gracesy Prisela
International Journal of Law Reconstruction Vol 9, No 2 (2025): International Journal of Law Reconstruction
Publisher : UNISSULA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26532/ijlr.v9i2.48399

Abstract

The 1967 Outer Space Treaty was established as a basis for the peaceful exploration and use of outer space. However, since its inception, there has been no standard definition of the phrase "peaceful purpose" in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty. Differences in interpretation regarding the peaceful purpose of using outer space have given rise to differences in space exploration actions by several countries which could actually threaten international peace. The aim of this writing is to redefine the concept of international peace in 1967 Outer Space Treaty. This type of research is normative legal research by examining the Outer Space Treaty and various concepts in international law, particularly regarding the concept of international peace. The data used is secondary data in the form of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The primary legal material used is the provisions on the use of outer space in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty and the United Nations Charter, while the secondary legal material consists of various literature related to the topic under study. The data obtained was then analyzed qualitatively using deductive thinking methods. The research results show that international peace in the use of outer space is defined as eliminating all forms of threats that have the potential to cause conflict between countries, where outer space may not be used for any military purposes.
The Urgency of Privacy Protection in the Era of Digitalization: Challenges and Solutions to Cyber Crime Comparative Legal Studies CHRISTY, GRACESY PRISELA; Maiercherinra Daud; Ni Putu Noni Suharyanti; Christine Attang; Ade Batti’
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 2 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i3.4980

Abstract

 The Industrial Era 4.0 in Indonesia is characterized by automation and easy connections. Technological advances have had a major impact on changes in people's habits. According to Article 28G paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, every person has the right to protection of himself, his family, his honour, honor and dignity, as well as the property he controls. The ease of transactions using online payment media has triggered cyber crimes such as data theft, hacking and system break-ins which are increasing along with the increasing use of digital technology. Cybercrime, such as personal data leakage, identity theft, and financial loss, can have a major impact on society and organizations. The research method used is normative juridical. The conclusion of this research is the effectiveness of implementing laws to protect personal data in Indonesia, how these regulations can ward off cyber crimes which are increasingly widespread in Indonesia based on applicable laws and regulations from the threat of fear of doing or not doing something that is a human right.”  This can be corrected by adopting several personal data regulations from several developed countries which have proven effective in preventing public data leaks which pose a very high risk to banking and company accounts. The formulation of Effective Regulations on the protection of personal data from Cyber Crime must consider the Essence and Scope of Personal Data, the principles of data protection, the obligations of the managing organization, the rights of Individuals, Supervision and law enforcement and the Harmonization of integration with applicable witnesses such as: administrative fines, Restrictions or Prohibitions on Operations, criminal liability, civil damages, and publication of violations
Co-Authors Ade Batti’ Christine Attang Maiercherinra Daud Salim, Andre Suharyanti, Ni Putu Noni Tandungan, Edmondus Sadesto