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All Journal EKSAKTA: Journal of Sciences and Data Analysis EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies
Mufidati, Afifah
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Religion Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences Other

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Grinding Technique on Synthesis of Calixarene and Its Derivatives Prabawati, Susy Yunita; Mufidati, Afifah; Ratna Djuwita, Titis; Ratna Djuwita, Titis; Nur Ngaini, Siti
EKSAKTA: Journal of Sciences and Data Analysis VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, August 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/EKSAKTA.vol1.iss2.art4

Abstract

The synthesis of p-t-butylcalix[6]arene (PK[6]A) and calixresorcinarene derivative compounds, namely C-para-dimethylamino-phenylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CPDAK[4]R) and C-4-hydroxy-phenylcalix[4]-resorcinarene (CHK[4]R), had been carried out by grinding technique. The grinding technique was done with the absence of solvents so that it minimized the waste. Synthesis occurred through electrophilic substitution reactions with KOH as an alkaline catalyst and p-toluene sulfonic acid as an acid catalyst. The three calixarene products were in the form of crystalline solids with a melting point of more than 300°C, insoluble in water with yields of 62.58; 61.94 and 97.49%, respectively. Product characterization using FTIR analysis showed the vibration of the methylene bridge (-CH2-) at a wavenumber of 1473.62 cm-1 and LC-MS analysis for (PK[6]R) showed that the molecular weight was 974.77 g/mole. While the analysis of (CPDAK[4]R) and (CHK[4]R) with 1H NMR showed the presence of protons from the methine bridge (-CH-) that appear at the chemical shift of  4.950 and 3.078 ppm.
Promoting Critical Thinking in Junior High School: Challenges and Practices From EFL Teachers Mufidati, Afifah; Retnaningdyah, Pratiwi; Nugroho, Him'mawan Adi
EduInovasi:  Journal of Basic Educational Studies Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): EduInovasi:  Journal of Basic Educational Studies (In Press)
Publisher : Intitut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/edu.v4i2.2701

Abstract

Critical thinking skills is highly encouraged by educators for their students to challenge their students to achieve critical values, the sense of creativity, and the requirement of high order thinking. The purpose of this study is to explore how English teachers as a foreign language promote critical thinking skills in junior high school and the barriers they face. This study adopts an exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative research design. Barriers included student and parental attitudes, teacher and institutional issues, and cultural constraints. Participants noted a lack of cultural value for critical thinking. Recommendations emerged, such as tailored teacher training programs, a shift towards critical thinking in curricula, pedagogical support emphasizing critical thinking, and enriched textbooks with activities encouraging critical thought. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on English language teaching from the perspective of teachers' perceptions, particularly regarding the role of textbooks and the enhancement of critical thinking skills among students.
Co-Authors Nugroho, Him'mawan Adi Nur Ngaini, Siti Pratiwi Retnaningdyah, Pratiwi Ratna Djuwita, Titis Susy Yunita Prabawati