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All Journal Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Andalas Journal of International Studies AEGIS : Journal of International Relations Jurnal Inovasi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik Jurnal Studi Sosial dan Politik PERSPEKTIF Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Buletin Poltanesa Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional
Tobing, Fredy B.L.
Departemen Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, FISIP Universitas Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Globalisasi dan Pembangunan Infrastruktur Maritim Indonesia di Bidang Konektivitas dan Sistem Logistik (2014—2019) Fachri Pramuja; Fredy Buhama Lumban Tobing
Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Vol 5 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (439.215 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v5n1.3

Abstract

Economic globalization is a critical point for the study of international political economy. This paper examines the big picture of economic globalization of the country's domestic policies which is in this case the development of maritime infrastructure in the era of President Joko Widodo (2014-2019). Using the concept of state capacity as a tool of analysis, this paper explores the new reasons for prioritizing the development of Indonesia's marine infrastructure which was massively carried out under Joko Widodo's administration. In this paper, economic globalization is seen through the ability of the state to provide basic facilities in maritime infrastructure development with the aim of building efficiency and innovation in creating a level of sustainable competitiveness for Indonesia's economic growth. The findings in this study explain that [1] the realization of maritime infrastructure development in Indonesia is still more in the planning phase so that it does not significantly reduce logistics costs between the western and eastern regions of Indonesia, [2] there are discrepancy in government rhetoric on achieving maritime infrastructure development with its implementation. Keywords: Economic Globalization, Maritime Infrastructure, Indonesia’s Development.
The Internationalization of Renminbi Erlangga Arbi Prakoso; Makmur Keliat; Fredy Buhama Lumban Tobing
Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Vol 4 No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (380.058 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v4n1.5

Abstract

After global financial crisis 2008, the position of the US dollar began to be debated and led to the narrative of the internationalization of renminbi. This literature review discusses how the literatures has evolved regarding internationalization of renminbi. Based on the taxonomy method, this literature review finds three major themes: China’s interest, implementation process, and external reactions. Based on those three themes, this literature review argues that internationalization of renminbi occurs because the character of international relations tends to be competitive due to power relations. This condition triggered the adjustment of Chinese interests according to Chinese characteristics using offshore renminbi centers. Besides using the supply-side approach as the dominant approach, this literature review identifies an increase in discussion after 2009 and also finds approach and empirical gap that use demand-side approach of international actors. This paper contributes to the study of international political economy related to state and market logic.
Aktivitas Drug Trafficking sebagai Isu Keamanan yang Mengancam Stabilitas Negara Lumban Tobing, Fredy Buhama
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 5, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This research is aimed mainly to overlook the phenomenon of drug-trafficking as one of the non-conventional security issues. It also tries to present how this issue is seen through various aspects, with the case study of Southeast Asia in general; and Indonesia in particular. The purpose of this research is to describe the problem through perspective of the threat to state as both the producer and consumer (of the drugs). This perspective is further elaborated through a number of assessments, namely political, military, economic, and social. To explain how this issue develops, the research will be conducted through library research, using supporting and relevant literature. Hopefully, the results of the research are able to give better understanding that the phenomenon of drug-trafficking is mare than just social and health issue. Thus, as the consequence, the policies regarding the issue, whether conducted by the state or through regional mechanisms, have to take more serious forms
Turkish Islam-Nationalism Under AKP: A New Model for the Muslim World? Tobing, Fredy B. L.; Nurwijoyo, Agung
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 22, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The Justice and Development Party’s (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi/AKP) activities in bridging Islam and nationalism marks a historic milestone in Turkey’s democracy. Throughout its two decades-long leadership, AKP, under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s leadership, demonstrated that nationalism and Islam do not clash with Turkey’s stance on secularism. Such understanding provides AKP with a strategic leverage, both at the domestic and international level, especially within the Muslim world. Reflecting upon Rustow’s democratic transition model and Ibn Khaldun’s classic conceptualisation on ashabiyyah, this article attempts to comprehend how Turkish nationalism is formulated within its relations with Islam as AKP’s political roots. Aside from consolidating its political power at the domestic level, this article suggests that the Islam and democracy synthesis provides an opportunity for Turkey to strengthen its political image and position in the region. In a much broader context, this article attempts to contribute to academic discussions on the relationship between religion and states which undergo the process of democratisation.
Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and Its Impact in Indonesia Tobing, Fredy B.L.; Indradjaja, Erwin
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 21, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This paper presents a historical and qualitative study to examine the rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) as a force in international politics and its impacts on the dynamics of violent extremism threat in Indonesia. The rise of ISIS was a turning point from the nascent progressive shift toward democratization in the Arab world represented by the “Arab Spring,” and its influence has spread beyond Syria and Iraq to threaten regional and global security. Like in other countries in the Islamic world, Indonesian society and politics have been significantly affected by the activities of ISIS. In addition to describing the origin of ISIS and spread of its ideology, this paper examines the responses from Indonesian extremist and mainstream community to ISIS’ agenda. It argues that the conflicting responses primarily revolves around the notion of whether ISIS actually has qualities of a functional state. The role of moderate Islamic mass organisations such as Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah has also proven to be important in resisting the spread of ISIS’ ideology in Indonesia.
Securing Indonesia Cyber Space: Strategies for Cyber Security in the Digital Era Futri Bela Fransiska; Fredy BL. Tobing
Jurnal Studi Sosial dan Politik Vol 7 No 1 (2023): Jurnal Studi Sosial dan Politik
Publisher : FISIP Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/jssp.v7i1.15925

Abstract

Abstract The development of information and communication technology is increasing, this is directly proportional to the number of users who experience a significant increase every year, this makes the world borderless and timeless in one cyberspace then the state needs to guarantee the security of information and data in cyberspace from crime. cyber. In this study using a qualitative research methodology with secondary data collection, in this study it is known that Indonesia is working to strengthen cyber security through bilateral, multilateral, and cyber diplomacy cooperation with various relevant agencies such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Defense, or the BSSN.
Respon Indonesia terhadap Kebijakan RED II Uni Eropa Amany, Nelda Zahra; Tobing, Fredy B. L.
AEGIS : Journal of International Relations Vol 8, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : President University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33021/aegis.v8i2.5531

Abstract

Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II) adalah kebijakan yang dibuat oleh Uni Eropa yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi dampak buruk lingkungan serta mendorong penggunaan energi terbarukan, salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan pembatasan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dan penilaian terhadap pengelolaan kelapa sawit. Hal ini berdampak kepada Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara pengekspor kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia, dan mempengaruhi dinamika perdagangan internasional Indonesia. Indonesia merasa kebijakan Uni Eropa ini tidak sejalan dengan norma utama prinsip perdagangan WTO serta melanggar beberapa pasal dalam General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade atau GATT 1994 karena dianggap mengandung unsur diskriminasi terhadap kelapa sawit Indonesia. Tulisan ini melihat dari sudut pandang Indonesia dengan melihat bagaimana respon Indonesia terhadap kebijakan RED II Uni Eropa. Dalam menjawab pertanyaan penelitian tersebut, tulisan ini menggunakan konsep diplomasi ekonomi untuk menganalisis strategi dan upaya yang dilakukan Indonesia dengan skema yang terstruktur. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah kualitatif dengan sumber data yang berasal dari dokumen resmi RED II, artikel dan website yang membahas permasalahan terkait.Kata Kunci: Kelapa Sawit, Indonesia, Perdagangan Internasional, RED II, Uni Eropa
Factors Causing the Failure of Indonesia-Singapore Cooperation in Handling Transboundary Haze Pollution Fadilah, Farhan; Lumban Tobing, Fredy Buhama
PERSPEKTIF Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): PERSPEKTIF January
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/perspektif.v14i1.12833

Abstract

Transboundary haze pollution has become an urgent environmental issue in Southeast Asia. As a regional organization in Southeast Asia, ASEAN issued the ASEAN Agreements on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP) international agreement to handle this Issue together. AATHP will act as a regime that makes collaborating easier to handle this Issue. Indonesia and Singapore are two countries that have a high interest in establishing cooperation because of their position as the two most affected countries. However, even with AATHP making cooperation mandatory, Indonesia is still reluctant and uncooperative in collaborating with Singapore. This research will explain why Indonesia took this stance using Oran R. Young's Theory of the Effectiveness of International Environmental Regimes. This research uses qualitative research methods with secondary data sources originating from reports from both countries, books, journal articles, and online media reports. This research found that Indonesia's uncooperative nature was due to differences in approaches between the two countries in dealing with this Issue. On the one hand, Singapore wants to push for a shift amongst ASEAN countries from slash-and-burn practices to a zero-burning policy as an environmentally friendly approach to opening oil palm plantations. However, factors still force Indonesia to allow slash-and-burn practices to continue in its territory. This research also found that the dispute between Indonesia and Singapore on this Issue has caused tensions that extend to the bilateral relations between the two countries, especially regarding whether or not there has been an encroachment of sovereignty based on the actions taken in dealing with transboundary haze pollution. This research recommends that Indonesia and Singapore explore cooperation in technology transfer with minimal potential for sovereignty encroachment and explore compliance mechanism options based on the principle of non-intervention at the ASEAN level.
Persetujuan WTO Terhadap Pengabaian TRIPS Pada Saat Pandemi COVID-19 Tahun 2020-2022 Haryadi, Rina Amelia; Tobing, Fredy B.L.
Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 12, No 02 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v12i02.4760

Abstract

ABSTRACT The pandemic of COVID-19 has massive impact in various areas, including international trade. There was an inequality between developed and developing countries, especially in the access of vaccines. In order to reduce inequality, South Africa and India proposed The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) waiver proposal to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2020. TRIPS is an instrument established by the WTO that aims to protect intellectual property rights, which can increase innovation. Regarding to the TRIPS Waiver proposal, developed countries are worried the waiver will decrease innovation and development of the pharmaceutical industry in their countries. However, amidst the pros and cons, WTO approved the waiver proposal in 2022. Using qualitative research methods, this paper will discuss WTO as an organization which regulates world trade also has a role in dealing with COVID-19, specifically in trade and access of medicine and vaccines production. Therefore, the WTO has a role in providing patent waivers, so that developing countries able to produce vaccines. WTO has three roles, such as a policy instrument by receiving aspirations from member countries, providing a discussion forum, and as an actor to make decisions that will be implemented by all WTO members. Keywords: COVID-19, WTO Roles, The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), World Trade Organization (WTO) ABSTRAK Pandemi COVID-19 memberikan dampak yang besar di berbagai bidang, termasuk perdagangan internasional. Terdapat ketimpangan antara negara maju dan negara berkembang, terutama dalam akses vaksin. Untuk mengurangi ketimpangan, Afrika Selatan dan India mengajukan pengabaian The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) kepada Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (WTO) pada tahun 2020. TRIPS merupakan instrumen yang dibentuk oleh WTO yang bertujuan untuk melindungi hak kekayaan intelektual yang dapat meningkatkan inovasi. Terkait usulan Keringanan TRIPS, negara maju khawatir pengabaian tersebut akan menurunkan inovasi dan pengembangan industri farmasi di negaranya. Namun, di tengah pro dan kontra, WTO menyetujui usulan keringanan tersebut pada tahun 2022. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, makalah ini akan membahas WTO sebagai organisasi yang mengatur perdagangan dunia juga memiliki peran dalam menangani COVID-19, khususnya dalam perdagangan dan akses produksi obat-obatan dan vaksin. Oleh karena itu, WTO memiliki peran dalam memberikan keringanan paten, sehingga negara berkembang mampu memproduksi vaksin. WTO memiliki tiga peran, yaitu sebagai instrumen kebijakan dengan menampung aspirasi negara anggota, menyediakan forum diskusi, dan sebagai aktor untuk membuat keputusan yang akan dilaksanakan oleh semua anggota WTO. Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Peran WTO, The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), World Trade Organization (WTO) 
Foreign policy and science: Switzerland actions to address the climate crisis effects in the arctic through the arctic council Aristama, Ferga; Tobing, Fredy Buhama Lumban
Jurnal Inovasi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik (JISoP) Vol 5 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33474/jisop.v5i1.19746

Abstract

like to have limited social-economy material advantage, Switzerland's action to actively and continuously participate in the Arctic Council is an interesting topic to discuss. Existing literature has captured Switzerland's actions to fight against the climate crisis, yet missed to address why it carried to participate in the Council amidst likely-limited materialistic returns. Deploying Foreign Policy Analysis and Resources Based Theory of Soft Power as an analytical approach and qualitative approach, this study argues that Switzerland's Foreign Policy which specifically emphasizes action in climate protection and global environment is the reason behind its active participation in various global communities, including in the Arctic Council. Interestingly, Switzerland utilizes science as an instrument of diplomacy and constructs its identity as a global science policy advisor in the environmental sector. Thus, the global climate crisis issues have been an opportunity for Switzerland as a small power to enhance its bargaining position in international politics through science as a soft power.
Co-Authors Amany, Nelda Zahra Aristama, Ferga Christina Rosa Jeen Erlangga Arbi Prakoso Fachri Pramuja Fadilah, Farhan Futri Bela Fransiska Haryadi, Rina Amelia Indradjaja, Erwin Makmur Keliat Naufal Fikhri Khairi Nurwijoyo, Agung Prakoso, Erlangga Arbi Safitriyani