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All Journal Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Science Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian
Lumakso, Fajar Aji
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience

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COMPUTER-AIDED OPTIMIZATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION: BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN-RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (BBD-RSM) APPROACH TO Mimusops Elengi L. LEAVES FLAVONOIDS Lumakso, Fajar Aji; Pamungkas, Gunawan Aji
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 10 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ahmad Dahlan Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v10i3.1739

Abstract

Tanjung (Mimusops elengi L.) leaves contain flavonoids that exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. The extraction conditions must be optimized to obtain an extract with the highest flavonoid content. This study was conducted to determine the optimal extraction conditions using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The RSM study consisted of stage I, which involved a one-factor-one-time approach to screen factors influencing the extraction and determine their levels, and stage II, which utilized the Box-Behnken Design three-level-three-factor to obtain a regression equation model. The obtained regression equation model was then tested using the Lack of Fit test, individual and simultaneous regression parameter tests, and residual assumption tests. The results of the RSM optimization were verified under optimal conditions and analyzed using a one-sample t-test at a 95% confidence level. The research results indicate that the regression equation model follows a second-order model, namely Y = 1.1623 + 0.0978X1 + 0.052X1X3 ? 0.0873X2X3 ? 0.0111(X1)2 ? 0.0915(X2)2 ? 0.1145(X3)2. The optimum extraction conditions were a particle size of 354 ?m, ethanol concentration of 68%, and solvent-solid ratio of 8.5 mL/g. Verification of the optimum conditions yielded a total flavonoid content of 1.20 ± 0.03% w/w (n=3), which was not significantly different from the predicted result of 1.19% w/w (p > 0.05).  Keywords: Mimusops elengi L., Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Box-Behnken Design, total flavonoid
Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method Validation for Micro-dissolution Analysis of Ketoconazole in Alginate-Acacia Gum Composite Capsules Lumakso, Fajar Aji; Annisa, Viviane; Cermenda, Riska; Chabib, Lutfi
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 13, No 4 (2025): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.24078

Abstract

Ketoconazole, a BCS Class 2 antifungal drug, has good absorption but suffers from low solubility and poor bioavailability. To address this, a natural polymer-based matrix of alginate and acacia gum was formulated to enhance dissolution. This study aimed to validate a Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography method for analyzing ketoconazole content in micro-dissolution testing of capsule formulations. The method employed a C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile:WFI (0.15% TEA, pH 3.5; 50:50) at 1 mL/min and detection at 265 nm. Validation demonstrated compliance with selectivity, linearity (r = 0.9996), sensitivity (LoD 6.51 µg/mL; LoQ 19.74 µg/mL), accuracy (99.6–101.3%), and precision (<2%, except one interday result at 2.08%). Micro-dissolution testing showed sustained ketoconazole release, exceeding 100% within 240 minutes. Data modeling (performed using DDSolver) indicated comparable fit for the Higuchi (R²_adj = 0.96) and Korsmeyer (R²_adj = 0.93) models, suggesting diffusion-controlled release of ketokonazole. The validated UHPLC method is suitable for micro-dissolution studies, and the alginate-acacia gum formulation effectively modulates drug release.
Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method Validation for Micro-dissolution Analysis of Ketoconazole in Alginate-Acacia Gum Composite Capsules Lumakso, Fajar Aji; Annisa, Viviane; Cermenda, Riska; Chabib, Lutfi
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 13, No 4 (2025): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.24078

Abstract

Ketoconazole, a BCS Class 2 antifungal drug, has good absorption but suffers from low solubility and poor bioavailability. To address this, a natural polymer-based matrix of alginate and acacia gum was formulated to enhance dissolution. This study aimed to validate a Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography method for analyzing ketoconazole content in micro-dissolution testing of capsule formulations. The method employed a C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile:WFI (0.15% TEA, pH 3.5; 50:50) at 1 mL/min and detection at 265 nm. Validation demonstrated compliance with selectivity, linearity (r = 0.9996), sensitivity (LoD 6.51 µg/mL; LoQ 19.74 µg/mL), accuracy (99.6–101.3%), and precision (<2%, except one interday result at 2.08%). Micro-dissolution testing showed sustained ketoconazole release, exceeding 100% within 240 minutes. Data modeling (performed using DDSolver) indicated comparable fit for the Higuchi (R²_adj = 0.96) and Korsmeyer (R²_adj = 0.93) models, suggesting diffusion-controlled release of ketokonazole. The validated UHPLC method is suitable for micro-dissolution studies, and the alginate-acacia gum formulation effectively modulates drug release.
Co-Authors Annisa, Viviane Cermenda, Riska Lutfi Chabib, Lutfi Pamungkas, Gunawan Aji