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Awais, Faiza
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Feeding and oral hygiene habits of preschool children in Pakistan and their caregivers' attitudes Awais, Faiza; Naheed, Kiran; Shahzad, Hazik B.; Khan, Ayyaz A.
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 23, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Early childhood caries remains a problem in both developed and developing countries. Several maternal determinants are involved in early caries development. This study aimed to identify feeding and oral hygiene practices associated with childhood caries in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in paediatric outpatient department of Sheikh Zaid Hospital, from January to March 2016. A total of 435 children aged 12–15 months were enrolled in the study. Results: Children who were fed milk with added sugar, were 30% more likely to have decayed teeth than those fed without sugar. Children who received on demand night-time feeding were 50% more likely to have carious lesions than those who were fed once or twice at night. Children eating sweet snacks multiple times a day were on average 80% more likely to have caries, compared to those who were given sweets once or twice a day. Conclusions: Higher tooth cleaning frequency, and teeth cleaning at night were associated with lower risk of childhood caries, whereas the use of milk with added sugar, on-demand night feeding, and high frequency of sweets taken per day contributed to increased caries. Thus, improved maternal counseling may help prevent early childhood caries in Pakistan.
The impact of dental caries on oral health related quality of life amongst adult population in Lahore, Pakistan Shahzad, Hazik Bin; Awais, Faiza; Shirazi, Um-e-Rubab; Majeed, Hanna Abdul; Rafique, Aqeela; Shahbaz, Maliha
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 24, No. 1
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Background: Dental caries in adults is a public health problem. A comprehensive assessment of the association between caries and Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) measures is essential for understanding how it impacts the daily life of people and for assessing their oral health needs. Methods: The survey was conducted at Rashid Latif Dental Hospital, from March-June 2019. A total of 373 adults aged 18-80 years were randomly enrolled in the study. Dental caries was the main exposure, measured clinically. The OHRQoL was measured through Oral Impacts on Daily performance (OIDP) questionnaire. Caries was dichotomized and the relationship to OHRQoL was determined. Results: The results showed that 87.6% of the people presenting to the hospital had one or more carious teeth. Difficulty eating, and relaxing/sleeping were among the top reported impacts. Adults with caries showed higher odds for reporting higher oral impacts compared to those without caries. For every added carious tooth, there is 1.38 times increase in OIDP score. Conclusion: Individuals with caries were more likely to report more frequent and severe oral impacts that manifested into their daily lives through difficulty eating or relaxing. OIDP score increased linearly with increased exposure to caries.
Factors influencing consumers’ choices of oral hygiene products: A cross-sectional study Awais, Faiza; Shahzad, Hazik Bin; Naheed, Kiran; Khan, Ayyaz Ali
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 23, No. 3
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Background: Environment, peer-groups, and salespersons influence consumers’ purchasing decisions regarding oral hygiene products. Other influences include various cultural, social, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. This study was designed to determine factors motivating and influencing consumers while choosing oral hygiene aids. Methods: 410 patients (age, 10–70 years), who visited the outpatient department of Sheikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan, were subjected to a close-ended questionnaire survey. Factors investigated included cost, packaging, media advertisement, perceptions, and previous experiences. Results: The cost of oral-hygiene products (82%) were the biggest influence. Advertisements influenced 55% of consumers in their purchase decisions regarding oral hygiene products. Reason for product use was disease prevention (58.7%) and freshness of breath (31%). Logistically, females were significantly 0.66 times less likely to be affected by media advertisements. Low income and occupations were 2.27 times more likely to be influenced by advertisements. Price was not significant meaning all categories were influenced by price equally. Conclusion: Consumers’ choices of oral hygiene products were influenced by information available through mass media and the products’ cost-effectiveness. Dentists should be aware of these influences and should accordingly advise their patients considering their needs and influencing factors.
Psychosocial impacts of fixed orthodontic treatment in Lahore, Pakistan Shahzad, Hazik Bin; Iftikhar, Dalia; Huda, Noor ul; Enver, Nayha; Awais, Faiza; Hussain, Shabbir
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 24, No. 3
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Background: The aim of this study is to assess psychosocial impacts on oral health-related quality of life between individuals currently undergoing orthodontic treatment and those who have completed treatment. Methods: A total of 135 individuals were selected from the Orthodontic Department at Rashid Latif Dental Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Current and previous orthodontic treatments were recorded. A questionnaire on oral impacts on daily performance was used to assess functional, psychological, and social limitations. Results: The most prevalent psychosocial impact was difficulty in smiling/laughing (26.6%). Logistic regression analysis showed that individuals currently undergoing orthodontic treatment are 2.9 times more likely to experience difficulty in eating compared with individuals with completed orthodontic treatments, and the difference between groups was significant (p < 0.001). Furthermore, difficulty speaking was 6.7 times more likely to occur in individuals currently undergoing orthodontic treatment than in individuals with completed orthodontic treatment; the difference between groups was also significant. Conclusion: Besides the normal and expected difficulties in eating, cleaning teeth, and speaking (i.e., functional impacts), individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment are prone to experience severe difficulties in smiling and going out. These issues are related to the psychosocial impacts and limitations of orthodontic treatment and demonstrate that the latter does not grant patients a higher status in society if they refrain from social settings and have difficulty smiling.
Co-Authors Enver, Nayha Huda, Noor ul Hussain, Shabbir Iftikhar, Dalia Khan, Ayyaz A. Khan, Ayyaz Ali Majeed, Hanna Abdul Naheed, Kiran Rafique, Aqeela Shahbaz, Maliha Shahzad, Hazik B. Shahzad, Hazik Bin Shirazi, Um-e-Rubab