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All Journal Journal of Dentistry Indonesia Makara Journal of Health Research
Shahzad, Hazik Bin
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Dentistry

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The impact of dental caries on oral health related quality of life amongst adult population in Lahore, Pakistan Shahzad, Hazik Bin; Awais, Faiza; Shirazi, Um-e-Rubab; Majeed, Hanna Abdul; Rafique, Aqeela; Shahbaz, Maliha
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 24, No. 1
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Background: Dental caries in adults is a public health problem. A comprehensive assessment of the association between caries and Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) measures is essential for understanding how it impacts the daily life of people and for assessing their oral health needs. Methods: The survey was conducted at Rashid Latif Dental Hospital, from March-June 2019. A total of 373 adults aged 18-80 years were randomly enrolled in the study. Dental caries was the main exposure, measured clinically. The OHRQoL was measured through Oral Impacts on Daily performance (OIDP) questionnaire. Caries was dichotomized and the relationship to OHRQoL was determined. Results: The results showed that 87.6% of the people presenting to the hospital had one or more carious teeth. Difficulty eating, and relaxing/sleeping were among the top reported impacts. Adults with caries showed higher odds for reporting higher oral impacts compared to those without caries. For every added carious tooth, there is 1.38 times increase in OIDP score. Conclusion: Individuals with caries were more likely to report more frequent and severe oral impacts that manifested into their daily lives through difficulty eating or relaxing. OIDP score increased linearly with increased exposure to caries.
Factors influencing consumers’ choices of oral hygiene products: A cross-sectional study Awais, Faiza; Shahzad, Hazik Bin; Naheed, Kiran; Khan, Ayyaz Ali
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 23, No. 3
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Background: Environment, peer-groups, and salespersons influence consumers’ purchasing decisions regarding oral hygiene products. Other influences include various cultural, social, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. This study was designed to determine factors motivating and influencing consumers while choosing oral hygiene aids. Methods: 410 patients (age, 10–70 years), who visited the outpatient department of Sheikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan, were subjected to a close-ended questionnaire survey. Factors investigated included cost, packaging, media advertisement, perceptions, and previous experiences. Results: The cost of oral-hygiene products (82%) were the biggest influence. Advertisements influenced 55% of consumers in their purchase decisions regarding oral hygiene products. Reason for product use was disease prevention (58.7%) and freshness of breath (31%). Logistically, females were significantly 0.66 times less likely to be affected by media advertisements. Low income and occupations were 2.27 times more likely to be influenced by advertisements. Price was not significant meaning all categories were influenced by price equally. Conclusion: Consumers’ choices of oral hygiene products were influenced by information available through mass media and the products’ cost-effectiveness. Dentists should be aware of these influences and should accordingly advise their patients considering their needs and influencing factors.
Psychosocial impacts of fixed orthodontic treatment in Lahore, Pakistan Shahzad, Hazik Bin; Iftikhar, Dalia; Huda, Noor ul; Enver, Nayha; Awais, Faiza; Hussain, Shabbir
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 24, No. 3
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Background: The aim of this study is to assess psychosocial impacts on oral health-related quality of life between individuals currently undergoing orthodontic treatment and those who have completed treatment. Methods: A total of 135 individuals were selected from the Orthodontic Department at Rashid Latif Dental Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Current and previous orthodontic treatments were recorded. A questionnaire on oral impacts on daily performance was used to assess functional, psychological, and social limitations. Results: The most prevalent psychosocial impact was difficulty in smiling/laughing (26.6%). Logistic regression analysis showed that individuals currently undergoing orthodontic treatment are 2.9 times more likely to experience difficulty in eating compared with individuals with completed orthodontic treatments, and the difference between groups was significant (p < 0.001). Furthermore, difficulty speaking was 6.7 times more likely to occur in individuals currently undergoing orthodontic treatment than in individuals with completed orthodontic treatment; the difference between groups was also significant. Conclusion: Besides the normal and expected difficulties in eating, cleaning teeth, and speaking (i.e., functional impacts), individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment are prone to experience severe difficulties in smiling and going out. These issues are related to the psychosocial impacts and limitations of orthodontic treatment and demonstrate that the latter does not grant patients a higher status in society if they refrain from social settings and have difficulty smiling.
Controlling Dentistry-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders with Ergonomic Interventions in Lahore, Pakistan Nasar, Marriyam; Rubab, Farwa; Shahzad, Hazik Bin; Qureshi, Minam; Shahid, Maham; Batool, Pakiza
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 25, No. 1
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Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) usually result from a prolonged static position and repetitive movements. A comfortable environment, appropriate working position, and multiple short breaks could alleviate MSDs. While the occasional back or neck ache is not a cause for alarm, regularly occurring pain or discomfort, if ignored, may further develop into an injury or career-ending disability. Methods: A total of 370 dentists were selected from two dental hospitals and multiple dental clinics in Lahore, Pakistan. Current MSDs were recorded with the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ). Information sheets containing dental ergonomics and back and tendon-gliding exercises were distributed among the participants. The SNQ questionnaire was repeated after a 3-month interval. Results: MSDs were found to be present in 59.5% of the clinicians surveyed. Males dentists were significantly more prone to MSDs than female ones (p <0.001), and senior dentists had significantly fewer MSDs than younger dentists. The intervention of ergonomic guidelines and exercises led to a reduction in MSDs among dental clinicians, with neck pain being significantly reduced (p = 0.003). Conclusions: MSDs affect the clinical practice of dental surgeons. Thus, incorporating more detailed ergonomics at the undergraduate level, along with the wider dissemination of correct dental postures, techniques, stretching, and rest to dentists, should be emphasized.
Developing an Ordered Logistics Regression Model for Denture Hygiene among Elderly in Residential Care Homes Amir W Ahmad, Wan Muhamad; Hasan, Ruhana; Adnan, Mohamad Nasarudin; Mohamad Ghazali, Farah Muna; Shahzad, Hazik Bin; Aleng, Nor Azlida; Mohd Ibrahim, Mohamad Shafiq
Journal of Dentistry Indonesia Vol. 31, No. 2
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With a global aging population, the oral hygiene of elderly individuals in institutional settings requires unique management. Maintaining adequate denture hygiene is a critical aspect of their overall well-being, while neglecting denture hygiene can lead to various oral health issues, malnutrition, and further impacting their overall health. Objective: This paper aims to provide a preliminary overview of denture hygiene care among the elderly using an ordered logistics model. Methods: Data was obtained from 174 participants in two government institutional homes in Malaysia. The Principle Components Analysis (PCA) was used to identify significant variables and an ordered logistic model showed the relationships between these variables and denture hygiene. Results: PCA identified three significant variables: calf circumference, age, and appetite. The ordered logistic model shows that lower calf circumference, lower age groups and severe loss of appetite, all were associated with significantly poorer denture hygiene. The model’s fitting and goodness-of-fit was also assesed and found to be satisfactory. Conclusion: Poor denture hygiene is prevelant among institutionalized elderly. Addressing these issues is crucial for caregivers and healthcare providers to enhance the well-being of the aging population. This research provides a foundation for future interventions to improve denture hygiene and, by extension, overall health and quality of life for institutionalized elderly individuals.
Prediction of Factors for Patients with Hypertension and Dyslipidemia Using Multilayer Feedforward Neural Networks and Ordered Logistic Regression Analysis: A Robust Hybrid Methodology Ahmad, Wan Muhamad Amir W; Adnan, Mohamad Nasarudin Bin; Yusop, Norhayati; Shahzad, Hazik Bin; Ghazali, Farah Muna Mohamad; Aleng, Nor Azlida; Noor, Nor Farid Mohd
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 27, No. 2
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Background: Hypertension is characterized by abnormally high arterial blood pressure and is a public health problem with a high prevalence of 20%–30% worldwide. This research combined multiple logistic regression (MLR) and multilayer feedforward neural networks to construct and validate a model for evaluating the factors linked with hypertension in patients with dyslipidemia. Methods: A total of 1000 data entries from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and advanced computational statistical modeling methodologies were used to evaluate seven traits associated with hypertension. R-Studio software was utilized. Each sample's statistics were calculated using a hybrid model that included bootstrapping. Results: Variable validation was performed by using the well-established bootstrap-integrated MLR technique. All variables affected the hazard ratio as follows: total cholesterol (β1: −0.00664; p < 0.25), diabetes status (β2: 0.62332; p < 0.25), diastolic reading (β3: 0.08160; p < 0.25), height measurement (β4: −0.05411; p < 0.25), coronary heart disease incidence (β5: 1.42544; p < 0.25), triglyceride reading (β6: 0.00616; p < 0.25), and waist reading (β7: −0.00158; p < 0.25). Conclusions: A hybrid approach was developed and extensively tested. The hybrid technique is superior to other standalone techniques and allows an improved understanding of the influence of variables on outcomes.
Co-Authors Adnan, Mohamad Nasarudin Adnan, Mohamad Nasarudin Bin Amir W Ahmad, Wan Muhamad Awais, Faiza Batool, Pakiza Enver, Nayha Ghazali, Farah Muna Mohamad Hasan, Ruhana Huda, Noor ul Hussain, Shabbir Iftikhar, Dalia Khan, Ayyaz Ali Majeed, Hanna Abdul Mohamad Ghazali, Farah Muna Mohd Ibrahim, Mohamad Shafiq Naheed, Kiran Nasar, Marriyam Noor, Nor Farid Mohd Nor Azlida Aleng Qureshi, Minam Rafique, Aqeela Rubab, Farwa Shahbaz, Maliha Shahid, Maham Shirazi, Um-e-Rubab Wan Muhamad Amir W Ahmad Yusop, Norhayati