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All Journal Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia
Gunawan, Aditia
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Religion Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences

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The particle <i>ma</i> in Old Sundanese Gunawan, Aditia; Fauziyah, Evi Fuji
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 22, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This article will analyse the distribution of the particle ma in Old Sundanese texts. Based on an examination of fifteen Old Sundanese texts (two inscriptions, eight prose texts, and five poems), we have identified 730 occurrences of ma. We have selected several examples which represent the range of its grammatical functions in sentences. Our observations are as follows: (1) ma not only appears in direct dialogues, but also in narrative texts, both prose and verse; (2) ma functions as a copula in nominal sentences, connecting subject and predicate; (3) in conditional clauses containing the conjunction lamun, ma has a function similar to that of mah in Modern Sundanese but, in the absence of lamun and if the supplementary clauses only consist of verb phrases, ma itself is also capable of expressing conditionality; (4) if this particle is preceded by negations such as hamo ‘not’ or hantə ‘there is not’ in conditional clauses, ma is placed directly after these negations and does not mark the predicate, but serves instead to stress the negation itself; (5) in the cases described in points 1-4, ma can be considered a topic marker, and in some phrases we have even found the dislocations that are characteristic of topic markers; and (6) ma can appear in imperative sentences, placed immediately after verbs to emphasize commands, which does not apply to mah in Modern Sundanese.
Puitisasi Ajaran Islam: Analisis Tekstual Nadoman Akhlak karya Kiai Muhyidin Limbangan (1903-1980) Gunawan, Aditia
Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Vol 17 No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage, Agency for Research and Development and Training, Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (491.538 KB) | DOI: 10.31291/jlka.v17i1.578

Abstract

This article will discuss the work of a scholar who has never been mentioned in Islamic literature in West Java. He is Kiai Muhyidin (1903-1980) from Limbangan, Garut. His work is called Nazmul Hujah, or commonly referred to among santri as Nadoman Akhlak. The selection of this work is mainly due to the absence of a special study of the author and his work. In fact, this work is interesting enough to be studied further because it shows the author's attempt to translate the great works of Imam al-Ghāzāli, Iḥyā ‘ulum al-din, even though only a small part of it is in Sundanese, and in poetic form. This research will first discuss in passing the terms nadoman, pupujian, and syi'iran. Then, the author will introduce the biography of Kiai Muhyidin through a review of the text in the Den Maki collection autograph script and interview. Finally, one of his works, Nadoman Akhlak, will be explored through textual analysis. In the broader Sundanese-Islamic context, this work is another example of the indigenous efforts of Islam as a Sundanese identity, through efforts to translate Arabic works into languages that were easily understood by Sundanese santri’s.Keywords: Nadoman Akhlak, Poetization, textual analysis, Kiai Muhyidin, Limbangan Artikel ini akan membicarakan karya seorang ulama yang selama ini belum pernah disebut-sebut dalam literatur Islam di Jawa Barat. Ulama tersebut adalah Kiai Muhyidin (1903-1980) yang berasal dari Limbangan, Garut. Karyanya berjudul Nazmul Hujah, atau biasa disebut di kalangan santri sebagai Nadoman Akhlak. Pemilihan karya ini terutama disebabkan belum adanya kajian secara khusus terhadap penulis dan karyanya. Padahal, karyanya ini cukup menarik untuk dikaji lebih lanjut karena menunjukkan usaha penulis untuk menerjemahkan karya besar Imam al-Ghāzāli, Iḥyā ‘ulum al-dīn, meski hanya bagian kecilnya saja ke dalam bahasa Sunda, serta ke dalam bentuk puisi. Penelitian ini pertama-tama akan membahas secara sepintas tentang istilah nadoman, pupujian, dan syi’iran. Kemudian, penulis akan memperkenalkan biografi Kiai Muhyidin melalui telaah teks dalam naskah autograf koleksi Den Maki dan wawancara. Terakhir, salah satu karyanya, Nadoman Akhlak, akan dikupas melalui analisis tekstual. Dalam konteks Sunda-Islam yang lebih luas, karya ini merupakan sebuah contoh lain dari usaha membumikan Islam ke dalam identitas Sunda, melalui usaha penerjemahan karya Arab ke dalam bahasa yang mudah dipahami oleh masyarakat.Kata kunci: Nadoman Akhlak, puitisasi, analisis tekstual, Kiai Muhyidin, Limbangan
Children of Patanjala; Revisiting the problem of Baduy origins using Old Sundanese and Old Javanese sources Gunawan, Aditia
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Various theories regarding the origins of the Baduy people have been discussed by scholars. A recent contribution by Robert Wessing and Bart Barendregt (2005) approaches the problem from the broader context of the structure of kingdoms in Java and Pajajaran. The present paper assesses their theory in the light of documentary sources from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century, not only in the Sundanese language but also in Old Javanese. These sources indicate that the religious aspects of Baduy society reflect practices and ideas that seem to have been widespread in early Java and Bali. My approach is to investigate ethnographic and anthropological reports about the Baduy, especially those produced by Europeans at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and to compare them with Old Sundanese and Old Javanese texts from the pre-Islamic period. This study posits that the Baduy, during that specified period, were likely less isolated than they appear in contemporary contexts. Instead, they were integrated into expansive religious networks and state structures. Furthermore, it is argued that the Baduy exhibited a closer affiliation with karəsian beliefs rather than with the hulun hyang community. This alignment underscores a commitment to preserving the primordial fixed conditions and states of existence referred to in pre-Islamic sources as purbatisti and purbajati.
Vernacularization and bilingualism among the Sundanese; A case study of Kawi culture Gunawan, Aditia
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This article examines the linguistic landscape of pre-modern Sunda, drawing on documents from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. The study highlights the significant role of Old Javanese as a cosmopolitan-vernacular language among Sundanese intellectuals, shaping bilingual practices in the region. Employing the framework of language order, which posits that languages are hierarchically structured within a culture, this research seeks to address the question: what roles did Old Sundanese and Old Javanese play within the language order of Sundanese society? To answer this, the study first traces the circulation of Old Javanese texts in the Sundanese region, analysing their impact on local literary and religious traditions. It then explores explicit and implicit references to the Old Javanese language in Old Sundanese sources to assess its perceived status. Finally, the article investigates sociolinguistic interactions in fifteenth-century Sunda by analysing code-switching and translation strategies, revealing the depth of linguistic interaction between Old Sundanese and Old Javanese. The findings indicate that Old Javanese functioned as a key medium for intellectual and religious discourse in West Java from the eleventh to the sixteenth century. The vernacularization of Old Javanese texts into Old Sundanese works, such as Sasana Mahaguru, demonstrates conscious linguistic adaptation to local audiences. Contrary to prevailing assumptions, Sundanese bilingualism was not merely a consequence of Mataram’s political dominance but was deeply rooted in premodern linguistic and intellectual exchanges, where Kawi culture played a central role in transmitting supralocal knowledge to Sundanese scholars.
Kawi culture Sastrawan, Wayan Jarrah; Gunawan, Aditia
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 3
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Co-Authors Fauziyah, Evi Fuji Sastrawan, Wayan Jarrah