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All Journal Science and Technology Indonesia Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering)
Nissa, Rossy Choerun
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Physical Properties of Biodegradable Chitosan-Cassava Starch Based Bioplastic Film Mechanics Kusumawati, Rinta; Syamdidi; Abdullah, Akbar Hanif Dawam; Nissa, Rossy Choerun; Firdiana, Bonita; Handayani, Rini; Munifah, Ifah; Dewi, Fera Roswita; Basmal, Jamal; Wibowo, Singgih
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.1.191-200

Abstract

Petroleum-derived plastics are widely used but pollute the environment significantly. The development of biodegradable plastics is urgently needed to be replaced. The mechanism for making bioplastic films from cassava starch-chitosan/glycerol uses a double-screw extruder process. The film took into account the multi-hydroxyl capacity of starch by combining glycerol (in a ratio of 3:1 w/w) and chitosan (at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% (w/w). The impact of chitosan involvement on the characteristics of the bioplastic material was studied, including physical, thermal, mechanical, and biodegradability properties. The findings showed that using chitosan as a filler in cassava starch bioplastics resulted in bioplastic films with high compressive capacity and water resistance. The resulting biopolymer’s contact angle was increased by including C-O functional groups in the molecule, as evidenced at a wavelength of 1028 cm-1 of the FTIR spectra. The contact angle was increased from theta = 65.3059 ± 2.7936◦ to theta = 68.6047 ± 3.2391◦. An increase in tensile strength was also observed, indicating increased stiffness compared to chitosan-free bioplastics. The best bioplastic blend was the formulation of cassava starch and glycerol containing 0.5% chitosan. Bioplastic has physical properties of density 0.8625 ± 0.0277 g/mL; contact angle 68.6046 ± 3.2391◦; water uptake 11.0660 ± 0.3709%; tensile strength 2.0181 ± 0.0594 MPa; elongation 54.2243 ± 3.2623%; thermal 137.5◦C; moisture content 4.9464 ± 0.1172%; and the fastest biodegradation rate. The bioplastic synthesized in this study is readily biodegradable in the natural environment, making it highly sustainable and more environmentally friendly, and it can be a viable substitute to reduce the use of petroleum-based bioplastic.
Enhancing Sustainability in Packaging: Response Surface Optimized Sago Pith Waste Biocomposites with PBAT and MDI Irmayanti, Maya; Nurjanah, Sarifah; Abdullah, Akbar Hanif Dawam; Nissa, Rossy Choerun; Nurhamiyah, Yeyen
Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : The University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtep-l.v14i3.979-990

Abstract

This study aims to optimize the biocomposites of sago pith waste (SPW) for sustainable packaging applications. The biocomposite was prepared using the biodegradable polymer polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) as a matrix and methylendifenyl diisocyanate (MDI) as a chain extender. RSM-CCD was used to assess the impact of the incorporation of SPW (5-20% p/p) and MDI (1–5%) into the PBAT matrix on the tensile strength and elongation of biocomposites by melt mixing. The optimal formula shown by RSM was 5% SPW and 5% MDI, which resulted in a 5.14 MPa tensile strength and 8.14% elongation. The barrier properties of all treatments, including moisture content, contact angle, and water absorption, were checked. The optimal formula showed good barrier properties compared to other treatments: water content of 3.12%, contact angle of 42.84°, and water absorption of 0.82%. Other characterizations of SEM, FTIR, DSC, TGA, and biodegradability tests showed an increase in SPW-PBAT compatibility due to the use of MDI. MDI as a chain extender had a positive impact on the material's strength, and the addition of SPW accelerated the degradation process, thus improving biodegradability. Keywords: Biocomposite, Chain extender, Melt-mixing, Response Surface Methodology, Sago pith waste.
Co-Authors Akbar Hanif Dawam Abdullah, Akbar Hanif Dawam Dewi, Fera Roswita Firdiana, Bonita Ifah Munifah Irmayanti, Maya Jamal Basmal, Jamal Rini Handayani Rinta Kusumawati, Rinta Sarifah Nurjanah Singgih Wibowo, Singgih Syamdidi Yeyen Nurhamiyah, Yeyen