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Physical Properties of Biodegradable Chitosan-Cassava Starch Based Bioplastic Film Mechanics Kusumawati, Rinta; Syamdidi; Abdullah, Akbar Hanif Dawam; Nissa, Rossy Choerun; Firdiana, Bonita; Handayani, Rini; Munifah, Ifah; Dewi, Fera Roswita; Basmal, Jamal; Wibowo, Singgih
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.1.191-200

Abstract

Petroleum-derived plastics are widely used but pollute the environment significantly. The development of biodegradable plastics is urgently needed to be replaced. The mechanism for making bioplastic films from cassava starch-chitosan/glycerol uses a double-screw extruder process. The film took into account the multi-hydroxyl capacity of starch by combining glycerol (in a ratio of 3:1 w/w) and chitosan (at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% (w/w). The impact of chitosan involvement on the characteristics of the bioplastic material was studied, including physical, thermal, mechanical, and biodegradability properties. The findings showed that using chitosan as a filler in cassava starch bioplastics resulted in bioplastic films with high compressive capacity and water resistance. The resulting biopolymer’s contact angle was increased by including C-O functional groups in the molecule, as evidenced at a wavelength of 1028 cm-1 of the FTIR spectra. The contact angle was increased from theta = 65.3059 ± 2.7936◦ to theta = 68.6047 ± 3.2391◦. An increase in tensile strength was also observed, indicating increased stiffness compared to chitosan-free bioplastics. The best bioplastic blend was the formulation of cassava starch and glycerol containing 0.5% chitosan. Bioplastic has physical properties of density 0.8625 ± 0.0277 g/mL; contact angle 68.6046 ± 3.2391◦; water uptake 11.0660 ± 0.3709%; tensile strength 2.0181 ± 0.0594 MPa; elongation 54.2243 ± 3.2623%; thermal 137.5◦C; moisture content 4.9464 ± 0.1172%; and the fastest biodegradation rate. The bioplastic synthesized in this study is readily biodegradable in the natural environment, making it highly sustainable and more environmentally friendly, and it can be a viable substitute to reduce the use of petroleum-based bioplastic.
Enhancing Sustainability in Packaging: Response Surface Optimized Sago Pith Waste Biocomposites with PBAT and MDI Irmayanti, Maya; Nurjanah, Sarifah; Abdullah, Akbar Hanif Dawam; Nissa, Rossy Choerun; Nurhamiyah, Yeyen
Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : The University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtep-l.v14i3.979-990

Abstract

This study aims to optimize the biocomposites of sago pith waste (SPW) for sustainable packaging applications. The biocomposite was prepared using the biodegradable polymer polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) as a matrix and methylendifenyl diisocyanate (MDI) as a chain extender. RSM-CCD was used to assess the impact of the incorporation of SPW (5-20% p/p) and MDI (1–5%) into the PBAT matrix on the tensile strength and elongation of biocomposites by melt mixing. The optimal formula shown by RSM was 5% SPW and 5% MDI, which resulted in a 5.14 MPa tensile strength and 8.14% elongation. The barrier properties of all treatments, including moisture content, contact angle, and water absorption, were checked. The optimal formula showed good barrier properties compared to other treatments: water content of 3.12%, contact angle of 42.84°, and water absorption of 0.82%. Other characterizations of SEM, FTIR, DSC, TGA, and biodegradability tests showed an increase in SPW-PBAT compatibility due to the use of MDI. MDI as a chain extender had a positive impact on the material's strength, and the addition of SPW accelerated the degradation process, thus improving biodegradability. Keywords: Biocomposite, Chain extender, Melt-mixing, Response Surface Methodology, Sago pith waste.