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All Journal Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi Pangkaja: Jurnal Agama Hindu
Gupta, Gede Endy Kumara
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Religion Humanities Social Sciences

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INTI AJARAN DALAM TEKS ĀTMABODHA: PERSPEKTIF TEOLOGI HINDU Gupta, Gede Endy Kumara; Surada, I Made; Sena, I Gusti Made Widya
Pangkaja: Jurnal Agama Hindu Vol 26 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : UHN IGB Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25078/pjah.v26i2.2200

Abstract

The Ātmabodha is a sanskrit classic text written by Śaṅkarācārya containing the teachings on Ātman. The main purpose of the text is how to teach oneself to be able to experience Ātman through the knowledge of it and at the same time through this knowledge oneself can eliminate various forms of upādhi that have been covering up the true nature of the Self. The Ātmabodha is also a meditative text compiled in simple prose to make it easier for spiritual practitioners who read it to be used as a contemplative medium in receiving knowledge about Ātman. This paper aims to comprehensively analyze the essence of the teachings contained in the Ātmabodha. The perspective of Hindu theology will be the point of view in this paper, with the theory of structural semiotics and vedic hermeneutics to assist the analysis. Brahman, Ātma, upādhi, and the pursuit of realization of Brahman (Mokṣa) are central themes in the analysis of the Ātmabodha.
PEMAHAMAN TENTANG HAKIKAT DIRI: KAJIAN KRITIS TERHADAP TATTVABODHA KARYA ŚAṄKARĀCĀRYA: Kajian Kritis Terhadap Tattvabodha Karya Śaṅkarācārya Gupta, Gede Endy Kumara
Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi Vol 16 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25078/sphatika.v16i2.5673

Abstract

This study critically explores Śaṅkarācārya's interpretation of the True Self (Ātma) within the framework of Advaita Vedānta as presented in Tattvabodha. It examines the non-dualistic perspective that affirms the identity of the Self and the Supreme Reality (Brahman), while addressing the epistemological challenges involved in understanding this unity. Tattvabodha is presented as outlining the foundational step toward liberation (mokṣa) and self-realization. The teachings are not merely metaphysical but also provide solutions to dualistic dilemmas, carrying ethical implications that foster empathy and an awareness of universal Oneness. This analysis underscores the enduring relevance of Śaṅkarācārya's insights in contemporary life, highlighting their timeless significance and opening pathways for further interdisciplinary research.
Kosmologi Waktu Umat Hindu: Mengapa Upacara Kuningan Harus Selesai Sebelum Tengah Hari? Perspektif Teo-Astronomi Hindu Gupta, Gede Endy Kumara
Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi Vol 17 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25078/sphatika.v17i1.6357

Abstract

This study is positioned within the discipline of Hindu studies, with particular emphasis on the cosmology of time and the temporal organization of ritual practice in the Balinese Hindu tradition. It aims to explain the meaning of the restriction that the Kuningan holy day ritual must be completed before midday by situating it within the cosmological framework of the Sun’s movement. The problem arises from the fact that this prescription is generally understood as a normative rule based on the Sundarigama manuscript, without being thoroughly elaborated through a Hindu astronomical-theological framework. This study employs a qualitative approach through library research, applying Vedic hermeneutics to interpret the Sundarigama text and to relate it to the concepts of Jyotiṣa and the daily analogy of Dakṣiṇāyana-Uttarāyaṇa. The findings indicate that the period from midnight to midday can be analogized as a daily phase of Dakṣiṇāyana, a “descending” cosmic current that enables the presence of the Dewatas and Pitara in the human world. Conversely, the period from midday to midnight is analogized as a daily phase of Uttarāyaṇa, a cosmic current moving back toward the divine realm. For this reason, the Kuningan ritual must be completed before midday, since after that moment the cosmic flow is understood to be returning to svarga. This analysis confirms that the temporal restriction of Kuningan constitutes a consistent expression of Hindu cosmology of time, in which the movement of the Sun is conceived as a dynamic structure mediating the relationship between the human world and the divine realm.
Co-Authors I Gusti Made Widya Sena, I Gusti Made I Made Surada