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All Journal Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Annales Bogorienses
Zanjabila, Sabighoh
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Mechanism of modified mRNA structure in COVID-19 vaccines for inducing neutralizing antibodies Zanjabila, Sabighoh; Dewi, Beti Ernawati
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.121

Abstract

The development of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines is closely linked to advancements in mRNA manufacturing technology. Structural modifications, such as replacing uridine with 1-methylpseudouridine (1mψ), enhance translation efficiency and help the mRNA evade immune detection. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) serve as an effective delivery system. Vaccines like BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 target the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein, prompting B cells to produce neutralizing antibodies that block the RBD from binding to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, preventing infection. These vaccines also stimulate adaptive immune responses by activating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, with mRNA functioning as an endogenous antigen. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) present the vaccine antigens via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II pathways, with CD8+ T cells recognizing MHC class I and destroying infected cells, while CD4+ T cells recognize MHC class II and assist in B cell maturation and antibody production. While mRNA vaccines have proven effective in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, challenges remain, including the decline in neutralizing antibody titers over time and the emergence of new viral variants.
Evaluation of Alternative Components in Growth Media of Lactobacillus brevis for Halal Probiotic Preparation Pratiwi, Riyona Desvy; Zanjabila, Sabighoh; Fairuza, Dian; Aminah, Aminah; Praharyawan, Swastika; Fuad, Asrul Muhamad
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 24 No. 1 (2020): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : BRIN

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Abstract

Probiotic has been widely used in functional food because of numerous advantages for health. MRS broth is commonly used as standard medium in studying lactobacilli. However, in some communities - like muslim and vegetarian society, components in MRS broth/medium become an issue. Beef extract and peptone – animal derived substances as nitrogen sources in the MRS medium should be avoided for the vegetarian. Meanwhile, for the muslim society, all components must be halal-certified including those animal derived ingredients. Therefore, several alternative sources for beef extract and peptone substitution were studied. Combination of alternative nitrogen sources was applied. In order to increase the effect of the alternative nitrogen sources, alternative carbon sources were also included. This is the first report about effects of L. brevis media components on cells growth to expression level of surface layer protein (Slp). Whey, lactose, sucrose, and galactose showed high contribution to L. brevis growth. However, the tested concentration of those substances were not sufficient to obtain equal bacterial growth and Slp expression than that of MRS broth. In addition, yeast extract appeared necessary to maintain cell wall and Slp expression.
Co-Authors Aminah Aminah Asrul Muhamad Fuad, Asrul Muhamad Beti Ernawati Dewi Fairuza, Dian Riyona Desvy Pratiwi, Riyona Desvy Swastika Praharyawan, Swastika