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Shorter All-oral Bedaquiline-containing MDR-TB Regimen : The Backgrounds & Implementations Winoto, Eden Suryoiman; Candradikusuma, Didi
Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine Vol 2, No 1 (2021): First Issue of 2021
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.crjim.2021.002.01.6

Abstract

The continuing spread of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which is defined as TB that shows resistance to both isoniazid and rifampicin, become one of the most urgent and difficult challenges in TB control. In Indonesia, the estimated total DR-TB case incidence of 24,000 or 8.8/100,000 population (2.4% of total new TB patients). The first-ever MDR-TB treatment guideline published by WHO required a long duration (up to 20–24 months) and contained toxic second-line drugs with less effective & unfavorable outcomes. About ten years ago, a short regimen lasting nine instead of 20 months, called “Bangladesh regimen”, revolutionized MDR-TB treatment. The advent of rapid molecular diagnostic tests, discoveries of new and repurposed drugs, promising results based on trials and meta-analysis had prompted WHO to update its guidelines. Notably, drugs such as bedaquiline and clofazimine are now strongly recommended for the treatment of MDR-TB. At the same time, older injectables drugs have been downgraded due to poor effectiveness and side-effect profiles. In 2019, based on the programmatic data from the shorter all-oral bedaquiline-containing regimen implemented routinely in South Africa, WHO revised its recommendations on the use of a standardized shorter regimen. Based on the analysis, WHO affirmed its conditional recommendation for the shorter all-oral bedaquiline-containing MDR -TB regimen to be offered as a treatment option to MDR -TB patients who satisfy the eligibility criteria. The implementation of this all-oral shorter regimen is expected to improve the programmatic management of the MDR-TB worldwide.
Comparison of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) and Calcium-Phosphorus (Ca × P) Product Between Hemodialysis (HD) Patients and Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) Patients. Rosandy, Kharisma Ogit; Winoto, Eden Suryoiman; Samsu, Nur
Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Volume 6 No 2, November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.crjim.2025.006.02.09

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the calcium–phosphate (Ca × P) product are recognised surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk in dialysis recipients. Objective: This study aims to compare CIMT and Ca × P product levels between patients undergoing HD and CAPD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 93 dialysis patients (49 HD, 44 CAPD) at Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Indonesia. Participants were over 18 years old, on dialysis for at least three months (HD at least twice weekly), and physically independent. Critically ill and pregnant patients were excluded. The Mann-Whitney U test compared CIMT and Ca × P levels, and Spearman's rank correlation analyzed the relationship between CIMT and Ca × P product Results: Significant differences in CIMT (p=0.0013) and Ca × P product (p<0.0001) were found between the HD and CAPD groups. A positive correlation between CIMT and Ca × P product was observed in HD patients compared to CAPD patients (r = 0.212, p = 0.044), Conclusion: This study revealed that CIMT was higher in HD patients compared to CAPD patients. Furthermore, the Ca × P product was lower in the CAPD group than in the HD group, and a positive correlation existed between CIMT and Ca × P in HD patients.
The Comparative Value of MLR And NLR to CIMT Between HD and CAPD Patients Baridwan, Fakhri; Samsu, Nur; Winoto, Eden Suryoiman
Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1: Volume 7 No 1, May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.crjim.2026.007.01.06

Abstract

Background: Research about the comparison of monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) between Hemodialysis (HD) and Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) patients is still very limited, therefore further research is needed. Aim: This study aims to investigate the relationship between MLR and NLR values and CIMT in HD and CAPD patients. Method: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 97 dialysis patients (52 HD and 45 CAPD patients) at Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Indonesia. Participants were over 18 years old, on dialysis for at least three months (HD at least twice weekly), and physically independent. Critically ill and pregnant patients were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney test to see the difference of NLR and MLR between the two groups, Spearman test was used to analyse the correlation of NLR and MLR to CIMT in HD and CAPD. Results: This study revealed that CAPD patients had higher NLR values compared to HD patients (MD: 0.63; 95%CI: 0.07 - 1.15; p: 0.0253) and there was a significant association between MLR and increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) in CKD patients undergoing CAPD (r: 0.3543; 95%CI: 0.05896 - 0.5927; p: 0.0169).   Conclusion: Our study underscores higher NLR values were found in CAPD patients compared to HD patient and the significant association between MLR values and CIMT in CAPD patients.
Pellagra Syndrome in Geriatric Patient: Insights from Pathogenesis and Diagnosis Raharjo, Fajar Maulana; Soenarti, Sri; Winoto, Eden Suryoiman; Adriansyah, Vito; Aditya, Muhammad Reva
Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1: Volume 7 No 1, May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.crjim.2026.007.01.14

Abstract

Pellagra syndrome is a chronic niacin deficiency disease that is often underdiagnosed. We report a case of an 83-year-old woman presenting with the four classic symptoms (4D) of pellagra: dermatitis (Casal’s necklace), diarrhea, dementia, and a risk of death if left untreated. The patient also had severe malnutrition, multiple infections, and a history of stroke for five years. The diagnosis was established based on clinical findings and a history of inadequate nutritional intake. Management included fluid therapy, antibiotics, medical rehabilitation, enteral and parenteral nutrition, as well as niacin supplementation. Following treatment, the patient showed clinical improvement, including stabilization of hemoglobin levels. This case highlights the importance of early detection and understanding the pathogenesis of Pellagra syndrome to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Keywords: Casal’s Necklace, Dementia, Malnutrition, Niacin, Pellagra syndrome