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Image Processing-based Automatic Printed Circuit Board Printing Machine ABUNG, NINDY PRATIWI; HARSONO, BUDI; SUTANTO, KEVIN; WIJANTO, EDDY
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 11, No 4: Published October 2023
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v11i4.892

Abstract

ABSTRAKMesin Computer Numerical Control (CNC) telah umum digunakan saat ini, salah satunya dalam pembuatan Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Pada paper ini, mesin pencetak PCB berbasis image processing dirancang dengan menggunakan Raspberry Pi, dimana file jalur PCB yang dibuat dengan menggunakan aplikasi Eagle akan di-export menjadi bentuk image grayscale, dan disimpan dengan resolusi 300 dpi. Sistem yang dirancang memiliki kemampuan membaca dpi dan menghitung jumlah step untuk setiap piksel, serta menghasilkan koordinat jalur dan lubang pada image PCB. Selain untuk pengikisan jalur, alat ini juga dapat mengebor lubang pada PCB secara otomatis. Raspberry Pi digunakan untuk mengendalikan motor stepper agar dapat bergerak sesuai dengan koordinat image PCB yang telah diperoleh. Alat ini juga dilengkapi dengan graphical user interface (GUI) untuk mempermudah user dalam mengendalikan mesin CNC. Dari hasil yang didapatkan, data erosi strip PCB menunjukkan bahwa metode kompensasi lebar strip PCB yang direncanakan mencukupi karena lebih besar 0,1-0,2mm dari ukuran strip pada Eagle.Kata kunci: CNC, PCB, Image Processing, Printing and Drilling, Raspberry Pi ABSTRACTComputer numerical control (CNC) equipment is commonly used for the production of printed circuit boards (PCBs). In this paper, the PCB path file generated by the Eagle application will be exported as a grayscale image and saved with a resolution of 300 dpi for image processing-based PCB printing equipment. The system has the capacity to produce the path and hole coordinates on the PCB image, read dpi, and determine the number of steps for each pixel. This device has the ability to automatically drill holes on the PCB in addition to stripping the path. The stepper motor is managed by the Raspberry Pi and moved in accordance with the acquired PCB image coordinates. A graphical user interface (GUI) is included to make it simpler for users to operate the CNC machine. From the results, the PCB strip erosion data show that the planned PCB strip width compensation method is sufficient because it more than 0.1-0.2mm greater than the strip size on Eagle.Keywords: CNC, PCB, Image Processing, Printing and Drilling, Raspberry Pi
Design of Deliberative and Reactive Hybrid Control System for Autonomous Stuff-Delivery Robot Rover WIJANTO, EDDY
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 11, No 1: Published January 2023
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v11i1.1

Abstract

ABSTRAKSaat ini, robot otonom memiliki peranan signifikan di berbagai bidang. Robot otonom meningkatkan efektivitas dan produktivitas sekaligus menurunkan risiko dan tingkat kesalahan secara signifikan. Dua paradigma dapat digunakan saat merancang robot otonom, yaitu paradigma reaktif dan deliberatif. Paper ini merancang sistem kontrol hybrid untuk menggabungkan elemen terbaik dari sistem kontrol deliberatif dan reaktif untuk robot pengiriman otonom. Model tersebut dibuktikan dengan misi untuk memindahkan tiga objek berwarna, dari  posisinya ke tujuan. Dari perancangan dan pengujian, sistem hybrid dapat meminimalisir kelemahan dari masing-masing sistem, sehingga proses pengiriman barang dapat tercapai sesuai dengan rencana dan dapat bereaksi terhadap kondisi yang sebelumnya tidak diketahui dalam perencanaan, seperti hambatan. Penggunaan sistem hybrid membuka kemungkinan untuk merancang sebuah mobile robot otonom yang dapat beroperasi di lingkungan apapun.Kata kunci: deliberative, reactive, hybrid, autonomous, robot rover ABSTRACTRecently, autonomous robots have become increasingly significant in numerous fields. Robots with autonomy increase effectiveness and productivity while significantly lowering risk and error rates. Two paradigms can be used when creating an autonomous robot, namely reactive and deliberative paradigm. This paper proposes a hybrid control system to combine the best elements of deliberative and reactive control system for an autonomous delivery robot rover. The model was proved with a mission to move the three colored objects, from their respective positions to the goal cells. From the design and testing the hybrid systems can minimize the weaknesses of each system, so that the stuff-delivery process can be achieved in accordance with the plan and can react to conditions that were not previously known in planning, such as the obstacle. The use of a hybrid system opens up the possibility of designing an autonomous mobile robot that can operate in any environment.Keywords: deliberative, reactive, hybrid, autonomous, robot rover
Performance Evaluation and QoS Optimization of LTE-WLAN Aggregation in Small Cell Networks Wijanto, Eddy; Sutanto, Kevin
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i2.96367

Abstract

The rapid surge in mobile data traffic continues to strain cellular networks, especially in dense urban areas where spectrum resources are limited. Long Term Evolution"“Wireless Local Area Network (LTE-WLAN) Aggregation (LWA), standardized in 3GPP Release 13, provides a promising approach by enabling simultaneous use of licensed LTE and unlicensed Wi-Fi bands. This study evaluates the performance and quality of service (QoS) of LWA in a small cell setting, focusing on the optimization of LTE-to-WLAN traffic ratios. A practical testbed was deployed using an ITRI LTE small cell, a Wi-Fi access point, and dual-connectivity user equipment (UE). Experiments were conducted under multiple aggregation ratios (1:1, 1:3, 2:1), user mobility scenarios, and real-world applications such as YouTube streaming. Key QoS indicators, including throughput, jitter, and bandwidth, were measured with iPerf and Network-Draw tools. Results indicate that a 1:3 LTE-to-WLAN ratio consistently delivers the best throughput and efficient spectrum use, particularly when UEs are located near the Wi-Fi access point. Moreover, application-level buffering and adaptive bitrate mechanisms successfully mitigate lower-layer fluctuations, ensuring seamless video playback. The novelty of this work lies in its real-world dual-user experiments, demonstrating how spatial proximity and traffic distribution jointly influence QoS in small cell environments, thereby offering practical insights for next-generation heterogeneous networks. These findings provide actionable guidance for network operators, showing how optimal traffic ratios and user proximity considerations can be applied to improve QoS, reduce congestion, and support high-bandwidth applications in real-world small cell deployments.