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All Journal TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Balobe Law Journal Indonesian Journal of International Law SANISA: Jurnal Kreativitas Mahasiswa Hukum PATTIMURA Legal Journal LUTUR Law Journal PATTIMURA Law Study Review
Wattimena, Josina Augustina Yvonne
Unknown Affiliation
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Kekuatan Hukum Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB Terhadap Gencatan Senjata Bachtiar, Adjid Akbar; Anwar, Arman; Wattimena, Josina Augustina Yvonne
PATTIMURA Law Study Review Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Agustus 2024 PATTIMURA Law Study Review
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/palasrev.v2i2.23833

Abstract

The functions of the UN Security Council are to maintain international security and order. Therefore, according to the UN Charter, all UN member states are obliged to comply with UN Security Council resolutions in settling inter-State disputes, but in reality, resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council are not adhered to by States, as is the UN security Council resolution on a ceasefire not observed by Israel in the Israeli-Palestinian war. The types of research used are Juridical Normative, research approaches using legislative approaches case approaches, historical approaches and comparative, and conceptual approaches. The sources of legal material are primary, secondary and tertiary legal material. The technique of collecting legal material in this research is through a library study, then qualitatively analyzed. The results of this study show that under Article 25 of the United Nations Charter, UN Security Council resolutions are binding on all UN member states in the settlement of international disputes. In the case of an Israeli-Palestinian war, Israel is obliged to comply with UN Security Council resolution No. 2728 of 2024 on a ceasefire. Israel's failure to comply with the said resolution could result in the imposition of legal sanctions on Israel, such as the suspension of its special rights as a member of the United Nations (Article 5 of the Charter), the expulsion of a State from membership of the UN (Artikel 6 of the charter), economic embargoes under Chapter VII of this Charter (Art. 41 of that Charter) and military sanctions (Act. 42 of that charter) as well as the establishment of an International Criminal Tribunal by the UN Security Council to prosecute serious human rights offenders. (Pasal 29 Piagam).
Pengungsi Rohingnya dan Tindakan People Smuggling dalam Hukum Internasional Kaliky, Sultan Kanon; Wattimena, Josina Augustina Yvonne; Noya, Ekberth Vallen
PATTIMURA Law Study Review Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Agustus 2024 PATTIMURA Law Study Review
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/palasrev.v2i2.23858

Abstract

Humanitarian disputes throughout the world continue, causing discomfort for those who suffer from these problems, so they try to seek refuge in several countries that are considered safe to avoid conflicts in other countries. When they calm down, people will come together to save themselves from human cruelty towards each other. The aim of the writing carried out by the author is to analyze and discuss the arrival of Rohingya refugees in Indonesia and the act of human smuggling. The research method used by the author is normative juridical where research is carried out to obtain data through literature studies, namely various literature and scientific materials, brochures and so on. The research results show that the regulation of human trafficking crimes, both at the international and national levels, can influence (or cloud) the international protection that should be provided to asylum seekers. However, on the other hand, human smuggling can weaken asylum seekers and potentially violate the principle of non-refoulement.
Removal of Boundary Markers on Sebatik Island: Legal Implications for Regional Sovereignty and Protection of Border Communities Titaley, Gracio Sulistyo; Wattimena, Josina Augustina Yvonne; Leatemia, Wilshen
TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Volume 6 Issue 1, March 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/tatohi.v6i1.3231

Abstract

Introduction: Borders represent a manifestation of state sovereignty. The relocation of boundary markers between Indonesia and Malaysia on Sebatik Island without formal agreement violates international law. Such actions may alter legally recognized territorial boundaries and thus constitute a breach of sovereignty, potentially leading to serious legal implications.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal consequences of relocating boundary markers between nations, particularly between Indonesia and Malaysia on Sebatik Island. It also examines the implications for territorial sovereignty, bilateral relations, and the provisions of international law governing officially recognized and binding state borders.Methods of the Research: This research is a normative legal research “legal research" is a study of documents (using legal material sources such as laws and regulations, court decisions, legal theories and or opinions of scholars). In simple terms, this type of research is also called doctrinal legal research, literature or document studies.Findings of the Research: The study found that unilateral stake removals not only violate international law, but also threaten the economic and social rights of border communities, as well as weaken Indonesia's bargaining position in bilateral negotiations. In addition, weak surveillance in the border area also allows for unilateral transfers by interested parties.
Violation of the Refugee Convention and the Compliance of Ratified Countries Siahaya, Tirza; Wattimena, Josina Augustina Yvonne; Daties, Dyah Ridhul Airin
Balobe Law Journal Volume 6 Issue 1, April 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/balobe.v6i1.2408

Abstract

Introduction: Starting the internal conflict of the refugee crisis, Syria as a refugee country which is a domino effect of the Arab Spring phenomenon where the conditions of the Arab countries began the transition from a country with a monarchical system to a democratic system, making Syria one of the largest refugee countries heading to the European Union through Greece. However, Greece's refusal to allow Syrian refugees to enter Greece has led to Greece being found to have expelled and rejected refugees who attempt to enter Greece.Purposes of the Research: Examine and understand the binding force of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 according to international treaty law. Examine and know the responsibility of States that have ratified the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951, but do not carry out their responsibilities.Methods of the Research: Using exploratory normative research methods, the problem approaches used are the statute approach, the theoretical approach, and the case approach. The sources of legal materials in this writing are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials uses a literature study which is then analyzed qualitatively to answer the problems studied.Results of the Research: The responsibility and compliance of the Greek State that has ratified the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 towards refugees. Violating an important responsibility regarding refugees is the principle of non-refoulement which prohibits the State from expelling or forcing refugees back where the refugees would face threats to the life and freedom of the refugees. Greece as a party to an international treaty cannot give a reason for not complying with a treaty for national reasons. This makes Greece not comply with and fulfill the obligations of a mutually agreed agreement. Countries that have ratified have a much greater responsibility in their efforts to handle and protect refugees.
Urgensi Pengaturan Private Military Contractors (PMCs) Dalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional Liminanto, Elvira; Wattimena, Josina Augustina Yvonne; Peilouw, Johanis Steny Franco
TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 1 No. 3 (2021): Volume 1 Nomor 3, Mei 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/tatohi.v1i3.567

Abstract

Introduction: Private Military Contractors (PMCs) are private companies engaged in providing professional security and military services for profit. The involvement of its members in armed conflicts often results in unclear status in international humanitarian law, many assume that the PMC is the same as mercenaries. So we need in-depth analysis to distinguish the status of the two.Purposes of the Research: To analyze the working time has been regulated in International Humanitarian Law, and the position of Private Military Contractors (PMCs) in International Humanitarian Law.Methods of the Research: The method used is normative legal research. The research approach is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Sources of legal materials used are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials is through literature study and then analyzed through a perspective using qualitative methods.Results of the Research: The results showed that the regulation on mercenaries explicitly existed only in Additional Protocol I of 1977. However, in fact, provisions that resemble mercenaries have been regulated in the 1907 Hague Convention and regulated in Geneva Convention III 1949 in this convention the term mercenary has been included. (Mercenary). The unclear legal status of PMCs members, especially when working in situations of armed conflict, puts them in a gray area which has the potential to cause debate about their presence in an armed conflict which also impacts the protection of their human rights. So far, many parties have identified members of Private Military Contractors (PMCs) with mercenaries, so that a stigma has emerged that calls them "reincarnations" of mercenaries (mercenaries / soldier of fortune / dogs of war). However, the concept of mercenaries as contained in Article 47 of Additional Protocol II 1977 cannot be applied optimally to PMCs, especially to determine their legal status when serving in situations of armed conflict.
Co-Authors Adwiyah, Aiin Widya Rhabiatul Arman Anwar Atmodjo, Kevin Christian Bachtiar, Adjid Akbar Bandjar, Muhaimin Bahriansyah Corputty, Frandy Army Damura, Fahira Ode Dyah Ridhul Airin Daties Elco, Urlialy Halima Hanafi, Irma Hattu, Vondaal Vidya Hayer, Karel Neju Heatubun, Alowisya Natalia Hetharie, Brandon Tanner Kainama, Marthinus Kaliky, Sultan Kanon Latubual, Godlief Niclas Wenetama Leatemia, Wilshen Lekatompessy, Ludya Grafilia Lesnussa, Vanesia Liminanto, Elvira Luhulima, Yusran Baginda Matakena, Jenesya Susye Moa, Maria Regina Noya, Ekberth Vallen Nunumete, Verly Papilaya, Juventhia Elvanri Pattiasina, Niken Vira Peilouw, Johanis Stenly Franco Peilouw, Johanis Steny Franco Pesurnay, Dominique Geraldine Grizelda Pollatu, Maretz Popi Tuhulele, Popi Riry, Welly Angela Rutumalessy, Karina Alishe Sahlan Sahlan Siahaya, Brian S Siahaya, Tirza Silooy, Charlos Josse Sinay, Susan Laura Soumena, Ajwar Supusepa, Reimon Taekedangan, Fahrul Resa Tahamata, Lucia Charlota Octovina Titaley, Gracio Sulistyo Tuasalamony, Rauda Fil Jannah Waas, Richard Marsilio Yusuf, Rifadli Mahram