Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Legal Analysis of Human Rights Protection within Smart City Policy Implementation in Indonesia Saleha, Dwi; Djuhrijjani, Djuhrijjani; Awaliyah, Reni; Furqon, Wahyul; Sudarmanto, Eko
The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights Vol. 4 No. 01 (2025): The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights (ESLHR)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/eslhr.v4i01.778

The implementation of smart city policies in Indonesia represents a major step toward integrating digital technologies into urban governance to improve public services, environmental sustainability, and citizen engagement. However, the rapid adoption of digital systems also raises concerns regarding the protection of human rights—particularly privacy, data security, freedom of expression, and non-discrimination. This study employs a normative legal analysis to examine Indonesia’s legal framework for safeguarding human rights within smart city policy implementation. Using primary and secondary legal materials, including the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law, and the Personal Data Protection Law (Law No. 27 of 2022), the research evaluates their coherence and adequacy in regulating digital governance. The findings reveal that while Indonesia has established a fundamental legal basis for human rights protection, gaps persist in enforcement, institutional coordination, and public awareness. Smart city initiatives often prioritize technological efficiency over human rights safeguards, resulting in privacy violations, digital inequality, and limited accountability. The study concludes that integrating a human rights–based approach (HRBA)—focusing on participation, accountability, non-discrimination, and transparency—is essential for ensuring that smart city development aligns with constitutional and international human rights standards.

A Juridical Review of Constitutional Court Decision No. 18/PUU-V/2007 on the Establishment of Ad Hoc Human Rights Courts in Indonesia Saleha, Dwi; Firmanto, Fakhry; Kusumo, Indra Suryo; Kholis, Mohammad Nur
The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights Vol. 4 No. 01 (2025): The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights (ESLHR)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/eslhr.v4i01.779

This study provides a normative legal analysis of handling defaults in Sharia mortgage (KPR Syariah) contracts based on Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 17/DSN-MUI/IX/2000 concerning sanctions for customers who are able to pay but delay payment (ta’wil). The research aims to examine the conformity of Sharia-based mortgage default handling with Islamic legal principles and Indonesian national law. Using a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes primary legal materials including the DSN-MUI Fatwa, the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law (KHES), the Law on Sharia Banking, and Financial Services Authority (OJK) regulations. The findings indicate that default handling in Sharia mortgages should emphasize fairness, compassion, and the avoidance of riba (interest), while administrative sanctions can be applied to encourage payment discipline. The study also identifies the need for synchronization between DSN-MUI fatwas and national banking regulations to ensure both Sharia compliance and legal certainty. The results contribute to understanding the practical and doctrinal implications of Islamic financial law in Indonesia’s mortgage sector.

Analysis of the Impact of Fintech Innovation, Digital Trust, and Consumer Education on the Financial Performance of MSMEs in Tangerang City Saleha, Dwi; Ahmad, Ahmad; Solihin, Solihin; Marsiwi, Dwiati; Sudarmanto, Eko; Noor, Surya Ramadhan
West Science Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 4 No. 01 (2026): West Science Interdisciplinary Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsis.v4i01.2589

The rapid development of financial technology (fintech) has transformed the way Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) manage their financial activities, particularly in urban areas such as Tangerang City. This study aims to examine the impact of fintech innovation, digital trust, and consumer education on the financial performance of MSMEs. A quantitative research approach was employed using primary data collected from 150 MSME owners and managers in Tangerang City through a structured questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 3. The results reveal that fintech innovation has a positive and significant effect on MSME financial performance. Digital trust also shows a significant and positive influence and emerges as the strongest determinant of financial performance. In addition, consumer education significantly contributes to improved financial performance by enhancing financial literacy and the effective use of digital financial services. Collectively, these findings indicate that MSME financial performance in the digital era is driven by an integrated framework combining technological innovation, trust in digital systems, and human capital development. The study provides practical insights for policymakers, fintech providers, and MSME stakeholders in developing inclusive and sustainable digital financial ecosystems.

Analisis Yuridis terhadap Penggunaan Chatbot Berbasis AI dalam Layanan Hukum dan Potensinya terhadap Pelanggaran Privasi Klien Iqsandri, Rai; Saleha, Dwi; Sudarmanto, Eko
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v4i02.714

Peningkatan penggunaan chatbot berbasis kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam layanan hukum telah mengubah cara penyampaian bantuan hukum dengan meningkatkan efisiensi, aksesibilitas, dan efisiensi biaya. Meskipun demikian, penerapan chatbot AI menimbulkan masalah hukum serius terkait perlindungan privasi dan kerahasiaan klien, yang merupakan prinsip dasar praktik hukum. Studi ini menerapkan analisis hukum normatif untuk mengkaji implikasi hukum penggunaan chatbot berbasis AI dalam layanan hukum, dengan fokus khusus pada potensi pelanggaran privasi klien. Dengan menganalisis undang-undang perlindungan data, kewajiban kerahasiaan profesional, dan doktrin etika hukum, studi ini mengevaluasi kecukupan kerangka hukum yang ada dalam menangani risiko yang terkait dengan pemrosesan data otomatis, penanganan data oleh pihak ketiga, dan ketidakjelasan algoritma. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa meskipun regulasi saat ini menyediakan perlindungan umum untuk data pribadi dan kerahasiaan, regulasi tersebut tidak cukup untuk mengatasi karakteristik unik alat hukum berbasis AI. Studi ini menyoroti celah regulasi terkait akuntabilitas, persetujuan yang terinformasi, dan transparansi, serta menekankan kebutuhan akan standar hukum yang lebih spesifik. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa panduan regulasi yang lebih jelas, pengawasan profesional yang diperkuat, dan integrasi prinsip privasi sejak desain (privacy-by-design) sangat penting untuk memastikan bahwa inovasi teknologi dalam layanan hukum tidak merusak privasi dan kepercayaan klien.

Analysis of the Impact of Fintech Innovation, Digital Trust, and Consumer Education on the Financial Performance of MSMEs in Tangerang City Saleha, Dwi; Ahmad, Ahmad; Solihin, Solihin; Marsiwi, Dwiati; Sudarmanto, Eko; Noor, Surya Ramadhan
West Science Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 4 No. 01 (2026): West Science Interdisciplinary Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsis.v4i01.2589

The rapid development of financial technology (fintech) has transformed the way Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) manage their financial activities, particularly in urban areas such as Tangerang City. This study aims to examine the impact of fintech innovation, digital trust, and consumer education on the financial performance of MSMEs. A quantitative research approach was employed using primary data collected from 150 MSME owners and managers in Tangerang City through a structured questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 3. The results reveal that fintech innovation has a positive and significant effect on MSME financial performance. Digital trust also shows a significant and positive influence and emerges as the strongest determinant of financial performance. In addition, consumer education significantly contributes to improved financial performance by enhancing financial literacy and the effective use of digital financial services. Collectively, these findings indicate that MSME financial performance in the digital era is driven by an integrated framework combining technological innovation, trust in digital systems, and human capital development. The study provides practical insights for policymakers, fintech providers, and MSME stakeholders in developing inclusive and sustainable digital financial ecosystems.

THE INTERNALIZATION OF THE THREE PILLARS OF HIGHER EDUCATION THROUGH ACADEMIC COLLABORATION, INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS, AND GLOBAL COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENTA: Legal Perspective on Higher Education in the Era of Internationalization Saleha, Dwi; Rozi, Achmad; Pawar, Avinash
Prosiding Amal Insani Foundation Vol. 3 (2026): PROSIDING INTERNASIONAL
Publisher : Amal Insani Foundation

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The internationalization of higher education represents a paradigmatic transformation that requires the integration of global dimensions into the implementation of the Three Pillars of Higher Education (Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi). This article analyzes the internalization of education and teaching, research, and community service through academic collaboration, industry partnerships, and global community empowerment from the perspective of Indonesian higher education law. This study employs a normative juridical approach through the analysis of statutory regulations and academic literature. The findings indicate that the successful internationalization of the Three Pillars necessitates legal certainty in cross-border cooperation, protection of intellectual property rights, strengthening of contractual governance, and harmonization of global academic ethical standards.

THE JUDICIAL REVIEW AND SEPARATION OF POWERS IN INDONESIA MODERN CHALLENGES FOR CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNANCE Saleha, Dwi
PLEDOI (Jurnal Hukum dan Keadilan) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Februari
Publisher : Amal Insani Foundation

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Indonesia, as a developing democracy, faces significant challenges in implementing the principles of judicial review and separation of powers. This article analyzes the dynamics of Indonesia’s constitutional governance in the post-Reformasi era, focusing on the role of the Constitutional Court, the relationships among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, and the impacts of political modernization and digitalization. Using a qualitative approach based on normative legal analysis and literature review, the article highlights contemporary challenges in ensuring the balance of powers and the protection of constitutional rights. The findings indicate that, although judicial review mechanisms strengthen constitutional supremacy, practical obstacles remain, including political pressure, divergent legal interpretations, and the need for regulatory updates to address the digital era. The article provides strategic recommendations for enhancing constitutional governance in Indonesia.

Tinjauan Yuridis Implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 5 Tahun 2021 tentang Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko bagi Pelaku UMKM di Indonesia Alfiany, Temmy Fitriah; Febryani, Evy; Saleha, Dwi; Junaidi, Junaidi
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 4 No. 03 (2026): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v4i03.787

Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 5 Tahun 2021 (PP No. 5/2021) tentang Perizinan Usaha Berbasis Risiko di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada dampaknya terhadap Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM). Peraturan tersebut, yang memperkenalkan sistem klasifikasi berbasis risiko untuk kegiatan usaha, bertujuan untuk menyederhanakan proses perizinan usaha, mengurangi hambatan birokrasi, dan menciptakan lingkungan yang lebih kondusif bagi UMKM. Melalui analisis hukum normatif, penelitian ini mengevaluasi kerangka hukum, implikasi praktis bagi UMKM, serta tantangan potensial dalam implementasi peraturan tersebut. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa meskipun peraturan tersebut menawarkan manfaat signifikan dalam hal efisiensi regulasi dan kepastian hukum, tantangan tetap ada dalam hal desentralisasi, akurasi klasifikasi risiko, dan aksesibilitas digital. Studi ini diakhiri dengan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan koordinasi antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah, memperkuat infrastruktur digital, serta memastikan penegakan hukum yang konsisten di seluruh wilayah.

Tinjauan Hukum Pasal 28E Ayat (3) UUD 1945 dalam Pembatasan Kebebasan Berpendapat di Media Sosial di Indonesia Saleha, Dwi; Lubis, Arief Fahmi; Eriani, Dian; Sofian, Sofian
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 4 No. 03 (2026): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v4i03.790

This paper examines the normative legal implications of Article 28E Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia concerning restrictions on freedom of expression on social media. The Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of expression, but allows limitations under certain circumstances, particularly to maintain public order, national security, and morality. The emergence of social media platforms has complicated this balance, as they provide space for free expression while also posing risks such as the spread of misinformation, hate speech, and incitement to violence. This study analyzes the application of constitutional provisions, regulatory frameworks such as the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law), and judicial interpretations of these laws. Through qualitative legal analysis, this paper discusses how Indonesian law regulates social media content and evaluates whether these legal limitations align with constitutional principles. The paper concludes that while social media regulation is necessary, existing laws need to be clearer and more specific to prevent abuse of authority and potential violations of freedom of expression.

Tinjauan Yuridis Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata terhadap Perbuatan Melawan Hukum dalam Transaksi E-commerce di Indonesia Saleha, Dwi; Raddani, Raddani; Djuhrijjani, Djuhrijjani; Husain, Andi Subhan; Sudarmanto, Eko; Yusuf, Sitti Rabiah
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 4 No. 03 (2026): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v4i03.807

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan Pasal 1365 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata dalam menangani perbuatan melawan hukum pada transaksi e-commerce di Indonesia. Perkembangan pesat perdagangan digital telah menghadirkan tantangan hukum yang semakin kompleks, khususnya dalam menentukan tanggung jawab, unsur kesalahan, serta perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen dan pelaku usaha. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan menganalisis unsur-unsur perbuatan melawan hukum, yaitu perbuatan, sifat melawan hukum, kesalahan, kerugian, dan hubungan kausalitas, serta mengevaluasi relevansinya dalam konteks transaksi digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata masih menjadi dasar hukum yang fundamental dalam penyelesaian sengketa, namun penerapannya menghadapi berbagai keterbatasan, antara lain terkait anonimitas para pihak, keterlibatan multi-aktor, serta kompleksitas pembuktian berbasis bukti elektronik. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa integrasi dengan regulasi khusus, seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik dan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, menjadi krusial dalam melengkapi ketentuan umum hukum perdata. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan harmonisasi regulasi serta interpretasi hukum yang adaptif guna menjamin kepastian hukum dan efektivitas perlindungan dalam ekosistem ekonomi digital di Indonesia.

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