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Legal Analysis of Human Rights Protection within Smart City Policy Implementation in Indonesia Saleha, Dwi; Djuhrijjani, Djuhrijjani; Awaliyah, Reni; Furqon, Wahyul; Sudarmanto, Eko
The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights Vol. 4 No. 01 (2025): The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights (ESLHR)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/eslhr.v4i01.778

The implementation of smart city policies in Indonesia represents a major step toward integrating digital technologies into urban governance to improve public services, environmental sustainability, and citizen engagement. However, the rapid adoption of digital systems also raises concerns regarding the protection of human rights—particularly privacy, data security, freedom of expression, and non-discrimination. This study employs a normative legal analysis to examine Indonesia’s legal framework for safeguarding human rights within smart city policy implementation. Using primary and secondary legal materials, including the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law, and the Personal Data Protection Law (Law No. 27 of 2022), the research evaluates their coherence and adequacy in regulating digital governance. The findings reveal that while Indonesia has established a fundamental legal basis for human rights protection, gaps persist in enforcement, institutional coordination, and public awareness. Smart city initiatives often prioritize technological efficiency over human rights safeguards, resulting in privacy violations, digital inequality, and limited accountability. The study concludes that integrating a human rights–based approach (HRBA)—focusing on participation, accountability, non-discrimination, and transparency—is essential for ensuring that smart city development aligns with constitutional and international human rights standards.

A Juridical Review of Constitutional Court Decision No. 18/PUU-V/2007 on the Establishment of Ad Hoc Human Rights Courts in Indonesia Saleha, Dwi; Firmanto, Fakhry; Kusumo, Indra Suryo; Kholis, Mohammad Nur
The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights Vol. 4 No. 01 (2025): The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights (ESLHR)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/eslhr.v4i01.779

This study provides a normative legal analysis of handling defaults in Sharia mortgage (KPR Syariah) contracts based on Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 17/DSN-MUI/IX/2000 concerning sanctions for customers who are able to pay but delay payment (ta’wil). The research aims to examine the conformity of Sharia-based mortgage default handling with Islamic legal principles and Indonesian national law. Using a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes primary legal materials including the DSN-MUI Fatwa, the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law (KHES), the Law on Sharia Banking, and Financial Services Authority (OJK) regulations. The findings indicate that default handling in Sharia mortgages should emphasize fairness, compassion, and the avoidance of riba (interest), while administrative sanctions can be applied to encourage payment discipline. The study also identifies the need for synchronization between DSN-MUI fatwas and national banking regulations to ensure both Sharia compliance and legal certainty. The results contribute to understanding the practical and doctrinal implications of Islamic financial law in Indonesia’s mortgage sector.

Analysis of the Impact of Fintech Innovation, Digital Trust, and Consumer Education on the Financial Performance of MSMEs in Tangerang City Saleha, Dwi; Ahmad, Ahmad; Solihin, Solihin; Marsiwi, Dwiati; Sudarmanto, Eko; Noor, Surya Ramadhan
West Science Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 4 No. 01 (2026): West Science Interdisciplinary Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsis.v4i01.2589

The rapid development of financial technology (fintech) has transformed the way Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) manage their financial activities, particularly in urban areas such as Tangerang City. This study aims to examine the impact of fintech innovation, digital trust, and consumer education on the financial performance of MSMEs. A quantitative research approach was employed using primary data collected from 150 MSME owners and managers in Tangerang City through a structured questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 3. The results reveal that fintech innovation has a positive and significant effect on MSME financial performance. Digital trust also shows a significant and positive influence and emerges as the strongest determinant of financial performance. In addition, consumer education significantly contributes to improved financial performance by enhancing financial literacy and the effective use of digital financial services. Collectively, these findings indicate that MSME financial performance in the digital era is driven by an integrated framework combining technological innovation, trust in digital systems, and human capital development. The study provides practical insights for policymakers, fintech providers, and MSME stakeholders in developing inclusive and sustainable digital financial ecosystems.

Analisis Yuridis terhadap Penggunaan Chatbot Berbasis AI dalam Layanan Hukum dan Potensinya terhadap Pelanggaran Privasi Klien Iqsandri, Rai; Saleha, Dwi; Sudarmanto, Eko
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v4i02.714

Peningkatan penggunaan chatbot berbasis kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam layanan hukum telah mengubah cara penyampaian bantuan hukum dengan meningkatkan efisiensi, aksesibilitas, dan efisiensi biaya. Meskipun demikian, penerapan chatbot AI menimbulkan masalah hukum serius terkait perlindungan privasi dan kerahasiaan klien, yang merupakan prinsip dasar praktik hukum. Studi ini menerapkan analisis hukum normatif untuk mengkaji implikasi hukum penggunaan chatbot berbasis AI dalam layanan hukum, dengan fokus khusus pada potensi pelanggaran privasi klien. Dengan menganalisis undang-undang perlindungan data, kewajiban kerahasiaan profesional, dan doktrin etika hukum, studi ini mengevaluasi kecukupan kerangka hukum yang ada dalam menangani risiko yang terkait dengan pemrosesan data otomatis, penanganan data oleh pihak ketiga, dan ketidakjelasan algoritma. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa meskipun regulasi saat ini menyediakan perlindungan umum untuk data pribadi dan kerahasiaan, regulasi tersebut tidak cukup untuk mengatasi karakteristik unik alat hukum berbasis AI. Studi ini menyoroti celah regulasi terkait akuntabilitas, persetujuan yang terinformasi, dan transparansi, serta menekankan kebutuhan akan standar hukum yang lebih spesifik. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa panduan regulasi yang lebih jelas, pengawasan profesional yang diperkuat, dan integrasi prinsip privasi sejak desain (privacy-by-design) sangat penting untuk memastikan bahwa inovasi teknologi dalam layanan hukum tidak merusak privasi dan kepercayaan klien.

Tinjauan Hukum terhadap Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Modal Dasar Perseroan serta Kemudahan Berusaha bagi UMKM Saleha, Dwi; Djuhrijjani, Djuhrijjani; Furqon, Wahyul; Nasir, Gamal Abdul; Inayah, Iin
Sanskara Hukum dan HAM Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Sanskara Hukum dan HAM (SHH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/shh.v4i02.719

Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 merupakan reformasi hukum penting di Indonesia yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemudahan berbisnis, khususnya bagi Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM). Salah satu inovasi terpenting dalam peraturan ini adalah penghapusan persyaratan modal dasar minimum untuk perseroan terbatas, sehingga pendiri dapat menentukan jumlah modal dasar berdasarkan kesepakatan bersama. Studi ini menggunakan analisis yuridis normatif untuk mengkaji substansi hukum, tujuan, dan implikasi Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 dalam kerangka hukum korporasi Indonesia dan kebijakan pengembangan UMKM. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan hukum dan konseptual, penelitian ini menganalisis konsistensi peraturan dengan undang-undang tingkat atas, termasuk Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja, serta kesesuaiannya dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum dasar seperti kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan efisiensi ekonomi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa peraturan ini memainkan peran strategis dalam menurunkan hambatan hukum dan finansial dalam formalisasi usaha, sehingga meningkatkan kemudahan berbisnis bagi UMKM dan mendorong aktivitas kewirausahaan. Namun, studi ini juga mengidentifikasi risiko hukum potensial, terutama terkait perlindungan kreditur dan tata kelola korporasi akibat ketidakhadiran persyaratan modal minimum. Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 secara positif berkontribusi pada pemberdayaan UMKM dan penyederhanaan regulasi, implementasi efektifnya memerlukan jaminan hukum tambahan untuk memastikan akuntabilitas, melindungi pemangku kepentingan, dan menjaga keseimbangan antara fleksibilitas bisnis dan kepastian hukum.

Analysis of the Impact of Fintech Innovation, Digital Trust, and Consumer Education on the Financial Performance of MSMEs in Tangerang City Saleha, Dwi; Ahmad, Ahmad; Solihin, Solihin; Marsiwi, Dwiati; Sudarmanto, Eko; Noor, Surya Ramadhan
West Science Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 4 No. 01 (2026): West Science Interdisciplinary Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsis.v4i01.2589

The rapid development of financial technology (fintech) has transformed the way Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) manage their financial activities, particularly in urban areas such as Tangerang City. This study aims to examine the impact of fintech innovation, digital trust, and consumer education on the financial performance of MSMEs. A quantitative research approach was employed using primary data collected from 150 MSME owners and managers in Tangerang City through a structured questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 3. The results reveal that fintech innovation has a positive and significant effect on MSME financial performance. Digital trust also shows a significant and positive influence and emerges as the strongest determinant of financial performance. In addition, consumer education significantly contributes to improved financial performance by enhancing financial literacy and the effective use of digital financial services. Collectively, these findings indicate that MSME financial performance in the digital era is driven by an integrated framework combining technological innovation, trust in digital systems, and human capital development. The study provides practical insights for policymakers, fintech providers, and MSME stakeholders in developing inclusive and sustainable digital financial ecosystems.

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