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Optimizing Vocational School Revenue through Regional Public Service Agency Implementation: The Principal’s Strategic Role Puspitaningsih, Arin Ika; Wulandari, Elis Dwi; Faizah, Nurul; Şaban, Ömer; Mernawati, Mernawati
Ekspose: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum dan Pendidikan Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): JUNI
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bone

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30863/ekspose.v25i1.11446

Abstract

This study examines the principal’s leadership role in formulating strategies to increase Regional Public Service Agency (RPSA) revenue in Vocational High Schools. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach at SMKN 2 Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, data were gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis followed a framework of data collection, data condensation, data display, and drawing/verification, facilitated by NVivo software. The findings show the principal primarily acts as a manager driving strategic initiatives to optimize revenue generation. These initiatives include strategic planning, corporate partnerships, human resources empowerment, and product and service innovation. These strategies improved financial outcomes, with the 2024 RPSA budget realization exceeding the target by 16.6%. Furthermore, transparent and accountable financial management, supported by systematic monitoring and evaluation, reinforces institutional trust and sustainability. Practically, this study highlights the importance of integrating instructional, managerial, and entrepreneurial (hybrid) leadership to optimize financial autonomy and sustain revenue generation in vocational schools.   Penelitian ini mengkaji peran kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dalam merumuskan strategi peningkatan pendapatan Badan layanan Umum Daerah (BLUD) pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK). Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif di SMKN 2 Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan kerangka pengumpulan data, kondensasi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan/verifikasi kesimpulan, dengan bantuan perangkat lunak NVivo.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepala sekolah terutama berperan sebagai manajer yang mendorong inisiatif strategis untuk mengoptimalkan peningkatan pendapatan. Inisiatif tersebut meliputi perencanaan strategis, kemitraan dengan dunia usaha/industri, pemberdayaan sumber daya manusia, serta inovasi produk dan layanan. Strategi ini meningkatkan kinerja keuangan, yang ditunjukkan oleh realisasi anggaran BLUD tahun 2024 yang melampaui target sebesar 16.6%. Selain itu, pengelolaan keuangan yang transparan dan akuntabel, yang didukung oleh monitoring dan evaluasi secara sistematis, memperkuat kepercayaan serta keberlanjutan institusi. Secara praktis, penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya integrasi kepemimpinan manajerial dan kewirausahaan dalam mengoptimalkan otonomi keuangan serta menjaga keberlanjutan pendapatan di sekolah menengah kejuruan.
Selection of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains as inoculant of rice straw fermentation and its fermentation characteristics Mernawati, Mernawati; Meryandini, Anja; Widyastuti, Yantyati
Livestock and Animal Research Vol 21, No 3 (2023): Livestock and Animal Research
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/lar.v21i3.65024

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to select Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains suitable for inoculant of rice straw fermentation and to evaluate its fermentation characteristics.Methods: The experiment was conducted at the Feed Bioprocess Laboratory, Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). This experiment was designed using a 3×4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was inoculant (1%), and the second was incubation time (7, 14, 28, and 58 days). The first stage was selection of 9 strains of L.  plantarum, based on the ability to lowering the pH and produce lactic acid. The second stage was observing the growth curve of the selected strains of L. plantarum as inoculant for rice straw fermentation. The third stage was monitoring of the rice straw fermentation characteristics, including pH values, concentration of lactic acid, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and NH3-N, also dry matter, ash and crude protein. Data were analyzed based on analysis of variance, and if there was a significant effect, the data were further analyzed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.Results: The selected strains L. plantarum Ca098 and L. plantarum 1A-2 showed significant interaction result (p<0.05) compared with treating inoculant and ensiling days. The fermentation time influenced (p<0.05) the quality of rice straw fermentation including pH, concentration of lactic acid, WSC, NH3-N, and crude protein.Conclusions: L. plantarum Ca098 showed the best rice straw fermentation characteristics, with fleigh value of 163.86±5.97 at 58 days of fermentation. L. plantarum Ca098 showed the highest lactic acid, the lowest pH and improve crude protein content.