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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika (JITEKI) Elektrika Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro
Saminu, Sani
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Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Optimization of Grid-Connected PV Systems: Balancing Economics and Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria Usman, Habib Muhammad; Sharma, Nirma Kumari; Joshi, Deepak Kumar; Sani, Baba Isah; Mahmud, Muhammad; Saminu, Sani; Yero, Abdulbasid Bashir; Auwal, Rabiu Sharif
Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro Vol. 6 No. 3 (2024): September
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/biste.v6i3.11562

Abstract

Nigeria faces the dual challenge of harmful industrial emissions contributing to climate change and unreliable power supply, demanding urgent attention. This study focuses on optimizing a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria, with the goal of achieving economic and environmental sustainability. The study utilizes HOMER, a widely used optimization tool for renewable energy systems, to design and evaluate three distinct energy scenarios. The first scenario relies solely on grid power, resulting in high annual costs of $2,838, significant environmental degradation, and zero renewable energy contribution. The second scenario integrates solar PV with grid power, reducing grid dependency but only partially addressing cost and environmental concerns, with an annual energy cost of $2,714 and 1,867 kWh generated from solar PV. The third scenario demonstrates the most favourable outcomes, combining high solar PV generation with economic benefits. The system produces 29,684 kWh annually, selling $521 worth of surplus energy back to the grid, resulting in a net yearly energy cost of $1,043. The initial installation cost is expected to be recovered within two years, offering potential savings of $20,000 over the system's 20-year lifespan. These findings show the viability of solar PV systems as a solution to Nigeria's energy challenges, underscoring the importance of balancing economic and environmental factors in energy system design. The study provides valuable insights for institutions and similar contexts looking to transition to more sustainable energy systems.
Dielectric Characterization of Breast Cancer Cells using Split-Rectangular Ring Resonator Sensor Jabire, Adamu Halilu; Saminu, Sani; Adamu, Muhammed Jajere; Mohammed, Abubakar Saddiq; Aminu, Sha'awanatu; Sadiq, Abubakar Muhammad
Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/biste.v7i1.12680

Abstract

Exploring a universal method to enhance the performance of metamaterials by quantifying the impact of gap capacitance is an intriguing topic for many researchers. However, achieving this through conventional methods is extremely challenging. In this paper, we present a microwave sensor designed to characterize cancerous cells based on their electrical properties. The proposed design features a split rectangular ring resonator placed on a flame-retardant four (FR-4) substrate. The sensor aims to achieve high sensitivity and quality factors through the unique characteristics of the metamaterial structure in the GHz frequency range. Through simulations and experimental measurements, we demonstrate the sensor's effective capabilities in detecting cancer. The high sensitivity for both simulation and measurement, is estimated at 10 %. The simulations and validation confirm that this biosensor exhibits significant frequency shifts and high sensitivity. Our proposed configurations highlight the microwave sensor's potential for detecting six different breast cancer cell types: HSS-2, HS578-T_nm, MCF-2, MCF-10A_nm, T-47D, and T-47D_nm. Based on the existing literatures, the sensitivity of the proposed sensor is determined to be greater.
Circuit Modeling of Dual Band MIMO Diversity Antenna for LTE and X-Band Applications Gambo A., Aminu; Kolawale, S. F.; Saminu, Sani; Danladi, Ali; Jabire, Adamu Halilu
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika Vol. 9 No. 3 (2023): September
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/jiteki.v9i3.26272

Abstract

This paper presents a study on developing a dual-band antenna equivalent circuit model for X-Band and LTE applications. MIMO antennas play a crucial role in modern wireless communication systems, and understanding their impedance behavior is essential. This work proposes a dual-band lumped equivalent circuit model, utilizing gradient optimization based on antenna-simulated S-parameters in Advanced Design System (ADS). The four radiating elements of the MIMO antenna are accurately modeled, considering their geometry and the defected ground structure (DGS) effect, which enhances the antenna's isolation and low correlation coefficient (ECC). The calculated lumped equivalent circuit model is validated through rigorous simulation and measurement data, demonstrating consistency with the expected results. The experimental measurements show measured isolation exceeding 20 dB while achieving a maximum realized gain of 5.9 dBi and an efficiency of 87%. The developed model holds promise for improving the design and performance of MIMO antennas for various applications.
Harmonic Mitigation in Inverter Circuits Through Innovative LC Filter Design Using PSIM Usman, Habib Muhammad; Mahmud, Muhammad; Saminu, Sani; Ibrahim, Salihu
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/jiteki.v10i1.28398

Abstract

The increasing use of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, and the growing ubiquity of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems to improve power transmission efficiency are the main factors behind the increased deployment of inverter circuits. However, high harmonic distortions in the resultant sine wave are a major problem for inverter circuits and could jeopardise circuit efficiency if left unchecked. This study presents a novel, affordable, and effective LC filter intended to remove almost all harmonic content from inverter circuits. The study uses PSIM software to model, design, and control a three-phase inverter. Starting with the DC power supply, the study makes use of effective three-legged IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) semiconductor devices as switch elements due to their high and current rating as well as faster operation. The switching gate pulses that turn inverter switches on and off at regular 60-degree intervals are produced by the pulse controller that controls the switches. This study's results show that the innovative LC filter in the inverter significantly reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) in all phases of the power signal. Specifically, THD decreased from 37.68% to 0.47% in the red phase, from 37.69% to 0.48% in the blue phase, and from 37.71% to 0.48% in the yellow phase. This reduction results in a notable improvement in power quality in all phases of the signal. Additionally, there is a noticeable increase in voltage magnitude, stabilizing and raising levels from 17.92 V to 23.83 V in the red phase, 17.93 V to 23.81 V in the blue phase, and 17.83 V to 23.81 V in the yellow phase due to the LC filter. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the LC filter-equipped inverter for industrial, HVDC, and renewable energy applications.
Techno-Economic Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of a Hybrid Grid-Connected Microgrid System for Sustainable Energy Usman, Habib Muhammad; Sharma, Nirma Kumari; Joshi, Deepak Kumar; Kaushik, Aditya; Kumhar, Suraj; Saminu, Sani; Yero, Abdulbasid Bashir
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika Vol. 10 No. 4 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/jiteki.v10i4.30221

Abstract

Chittorgarh like many other villages in India faces a dual challenge of unreliable electricity supply and heavy dependence on fossil fuels, which undermines economic development and environmental sustainability. Addressing this critical issue, this study explores the optimization of a hybrid grid-connected microgrid comprising wind turbines, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, and grid integration, aimed at delivering reliable, sustainable, and cost-effective energy. To achieve this, real-world meteorological and energy pricing data were analyzed, and HOMER software was employed for comprehensive system modeling. The proposed microgrid features a 165,024 kW wind turbine system and a 1,500 kW solar PV system, generating a combined annual energy production of 58,772,300 kWh. Wind energy dominates the energy mix, contributing 35,272,200 kWh/year, with a capacity factor of 29%, while solar PV provides 23,500,100 kWh/year with a capacity factor of 22%. Both systems efficiently operate for 4,327 hours/year, supplying a primary AC load of 20,077,351 kWh/year, thereby ensuring reliable energy delivery. Economic analysis reveals that the system's total capital investment is $8.6 million, with replacement and operations and maintenance (O&M) costs amounting to $4.5 million and $3.5 million, respectively. The system demonstrates exceptional economic viability, achieving a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of $0.0413/kWh, a present worth of $16.6 million, and an annual worth of $1.99 million, delivering a 12% return on investment (ROI). Additionally, the microgrid operates as a net energy exporter, selling 46,979,478 kWh/year to the grid and generating a net annual profit of $53,748, with peak profitability recorded in May ($53,553) and June ($47,615). Sensitivity analysis was conducted under various scenarios, including variations in solar irradiance, wind speed, fuel prices, energy production, and grid prices, to evaluate the robustness of the system's performance and economic metrics. The analysis highlights the resilience of the microgrid design, showcasing its adaptability to diverse operational conditions while maintaining economic and environmental viability. The findings provide compelling evidence for policymakers, investors, and energy stakeholders to adopt renewable energy systems that combine sustainability, reliability, and profitability. By leveraging these insights, similar energy-deficient regions can achieve significant strides toward energy independence and environmental preservation.
WIND-POWERED AGRICULTURE: ENHANCING CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC PROSPERITY IN ARID REGIONS Usman, Habib Muhammmad; Mahmud, Muhammad; Yahaya, Madaniyyu Sulaiman; Saminu, Sani
Elektrika Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/elektrika.v16i1.8999

Abstract

Over an extended duration, small-scale farmers have been contending with the persistent issue of electricity scarcity, which adversely affects crop production, particularly during dry seasons. The dependence on generators, despite being expensive and environmentally harmful due to oil spillage and Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, remains a prevalent yet unsustainable solution. Wind energy emerges as a promising alternative with diverse benefits for farmers, addressing concerns related to irrigation, storage, and water management, ultimately leading to significant yield increases during dry periods. This study investigates the performance of a small-scale wind energy conversion system tailored for the irrigation needs of farmers in arid regions, focusing on Zaria Local Government, Kaduna State, Nigeria as a case study. Utilizing wind speed data from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET), the system's electrical parameters, including voltage, current, frequency, and power, were analyzed to assess fluctuations resulting from wind speed variations. Results show significant variability in electrical parameters: wind speed ranged from 3.10 m/s to 9.83 m/s, resulting in fluctuations in generated voltage (98 volts to 250 volts), current (51 amps to 103 amps), frequency (39 Hz to 65 Hz), and power (5.1 kW to 20.6 kW). Converter systems were found effective in stabilizing output for grid integration: the AC/DC converter converted fluctuating AC signals into stable DC output (200 volts, 93 amps), while the subsequent DC/AC inverter produced non-fluctuating AC output (voltage: 200 volts, current: 92 amps, frequency: 50 Hz, power: 18.3 kW). These findings emphasize feasibility of implementing wind energy solutions in remote agricultural areas.
Co-Authors Adamu, Muhammed Jajere Aminu, Sha'awanatu Auwal, Rabiu Sharif Danladi, Ali Gambo A., Aminu Ibrahim, Salihu Jabire, Adamu Halilu Joshi, Deepak Kumar Kaushik, Aditya Kolawale, S. F. Kumhar, Suraj Mohammed, Abubakar Saddiq Muhammad Mahmud Sadiq, Abubakar Muhammad Sani, Baba Isah Sharma, Nirma Kumari Usman, Habib Muhammad Usman, Habib Muhammmad Yahaya, Madaniyyu Sulaiman Yero, Abdulbasid Bashir