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All Journal Elektrika Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro
Yahaya, Madaniyyu Sulaiman
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Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Advancements in Anode Materials for Cathodic Protection: Nanostructured Alloys, Surface Modifications, and Smart Monitoring Yahaya, Madaniyyu Sulaiman; Nahar, Kapil; Kumar, Dinesh; Usman, Habib Muhammad; Gambo, Abdulhaq Saleh; Umar, Tijjani Aminu; Sulaiman, Mustapha
Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro Vol. 6 No. 3 (2024): September
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/biste.v6i3.11512

Abstract

This review critically examines advancements in anode materials for cathodic protection systems, focusing on overcoming the limitations of traditional materials like magnesium, zinc, aluminum, graphite, lead-silver alloys, and high-silicon cast iron (HSCI). Conventional anode materials, though widely used, face issues such as rapid degradation, high maintenance costs, and environmental harm. Novel materials, including mixed metal oxides (MMO), advanced aluminum-based alloys, nanostructured materials, and conductive polymers, offer superior electrochemical properties, enhanced durability, and improved performance in aggressive environments like seawater. This review also highlights the role of surface modifications and coatings, such as platinum on titanium and ceramic coatings, in boosting corrosion resistance. Moreover, smart monitoring systems, integrated with IoT and SCADA technologies, are explored for their potential to improve the longevity and efficiency of cathodic protection systems. The paper emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable solutions due to the substantial economic and environmental costs of corrosion, particularly in high-risk industries like oil and gas, maritime, and infrastructure. Future research directions, including the development of hybrid systems combining coatings with CP technologies and the application of advanced alloys and nanostructured materials, are proposed to address the long-term performance and ecological impacts of CP systems.
WIND-POWERED AGRICULTURE: ENHANCING CROP PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC PROSPERITY IN ARID REGIONS Usman, Habib Muhammmad; Mahmud, Muhammad; Yahaya, Madaniyyu Sulaiman; Saminu, Sani
Elektrika Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/elektrika.v16i1.8999

Abstract

Over an extended duration, small-scale farmers have been contending with the persistent issue of electricity scarcity, which adversely affects crop production, particularly during dry seasons. The dependence on generators, despite being expensive and environmentally harmful due to oil spillage and Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, remains a prevalent yet unsustainable solution. Wind energy emerges as a promising alternative with diverse benefits for farmers, addressing concerns related to irrigation, storage, and water management, ultimately leading to significant yield increases during dry periods. This study investigates the performance of a small-scale wind energy conversion system tailored for the irrigation needs of farmers in arid regions, focusing on Zaria Local Government, Kaduna State, Nigeria as a case study. Utilizing wind speed data from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET), the system's electrical parameters, including voltage, current, frequency, and power, were analyzed to assess fluctuations resulting from wind speed variations. Results show significant variability in electrical parameters: wind speed ranged from 3.10 m/s to 9.83 m/s, resulting in fluctuations in generated voltage (98 volts to 250 volts), current (51 amps to 103 amps), frequency (39 Hz to 65 Hz), and power (5.1 kW to 20.6 kW). Converter systems were found effective in stabilizing output for grid integration: the AC/DC converter converted fluctuating AC signals into stable DC output (200 volts, 93 amps), while the subsequent DC/AC inverter produced non-fluctuating AC output (voltage: 200 volts, current: 92 amps, frequency: 50 Hz, power: 18.3 kW). These findings emphasize feasibility of implementing wind energy solutions in remote agricultural areas.
Co-Authors Dinesh Kumar Gambo, Abdulhaq Saleh Muhammad Mahmud Nahar, Kapil Saminu, Sani Sulaiman, Mustapha Umar, Tijjani Aminu Usman, Habib Muhammad Usman, Habib Muhammmad