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Batasan Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak yang Dapat Dipertanggungjawabkan sebagai Pelaku Kejahatan Hamdan, H.; Jaya, Alwi; Syam, Elvi Susanti
Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Vol 24 No 1: Mei 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/aijih.v24i1.62

Abstract

This study aims to identify and understand the limits of legal protection for children who can be accounted for as criminals and to know and understand the factors that influence the consideration of legal protection for children who can be accounted for as criminals. This study uses a normative juridical approach. The analysis method is carried out by systematically identifying, polarizing, categorizing, and grouping according to the discussion flow in this study. Based on the description of the results and discussion, it can be concluded that the limitation of legal protection for children who can be accounted for as criminals, namely 12 years and under, children 12 years and over or under 14 years of age are subject to criminal sanctions in the form of action (action in the sense of juridical). Imprisonment is the last alternative for child perpetrators of crime, in contrast to adults. The factors that affect legal protection for children who can be held accountable as criminals are sociological and criminal aspects. The criminological aspect consists of three crucial sub-sectors, namely economy, environment, and family. Besides, regarding the concept of diversion, which has been sharpened with the concept of restorative justice, it is not time to become a constitutum in Indonesia because crimes in Indonesia are massive and systematic crimes.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Engineered Coconut Trunk Veneer (ECTV) for Interior Products Yanti, A. K.; Said, A.; Hamid, A. S.; Hamdan, H.; Kamal, Izran; Khairul, M.; Razali, A. K.; Azrena, A. K.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 29 No 1 (2013): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (125.012 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v29i1.92

Abstract

A study was undertaken to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of engineered coconut (Cocos nucifera) veneer (ECTV). The coconut trunks (40 – 50 years old) were obtained from Hutan Melintang, Perak and were peeled into veneers at Bestgrade Sdn. Bhd. The veneers were obtained from two different parts of coconut trunks viz inner and outer which were used to fabricate 5-ply engineered coconut veneers. The ECTVs were fabricated at FRIM’s Bio-Composite Laboratory. They were manufactured with urea formaldehyde (UF) resin and with three combinations namely 100% inner, 100% outer and alternate outer & inner veneers (mix). The densities for the engineered veneers made of 100% outer, 100% inner, and mixed layers were 944.1 kg/m3, 858.15 kg/m3 and 891.11 kg/m3, respectively. Results showed that the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of the ECTV made from 100% outer veneers had the highest mean MOR value (88.69 MPa), followed by those made from the mixed veneers (74.35 MPa) and 100% inner (58.44 MPa), respectively. On the other hand, the Modulus Of Elasticity (MOE) values were 10.12 Mpa for outer, 8,210 Mpa for inner and 10,075 Mpa for mixed. Overall, the testing results showed that the ECTV met the standard requirements.